Which of the following is not a characteristic of pain?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pain involves transduction (conversion to nerve signals), transmission (signals to brain), and perception (awareness), per pain physiology. Radiation (D) is a pattern of pain spread, not a core characteristic of its process. Transduction starts at nociceptors, transmission relays via nerves, perception occurs in the brain essential stages. Radiation describes location, not mechanism, making D the correct answer as the non-characteristic in pain's fundamental nature.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nurse being strong and not grieving (B) isn't true empathy, even shared grief, aids support, per palliative care. Encouraging viewing (A), expression (C), and presence (D) are roles. B's stoicism hinders connection, making it the untrue statement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Justice is fairness and equality (B), per ethics equitable care (e.g., resource allocation). Doing good (A) is beneficence, decision respect (C) autonomy, promises (D) fidelity. B best defines justice's impartiality, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Inserting an NGT despite refusal is battery (D) unconsented touch, per law. Malpractice (A) and negligence (B) lack intent, assault (C) is threat. D fits unauthorized contact, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leg loss and walking difficulty is disability (B) permanent functional loss, per definition. Illness (A) is disease state, wellness (C) and health (D) positive states. B fits chronic impact, making it correct.