Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: HbS shifts the O₂ curve right (lower affinity, P₅₀ up), not left, due to altered structure (valine for glutamic acid). Choice B is true (Bohr effect). Choice C is correct (CO affinity ≈240x O₂). Choice D is accurate; COHb left-shifts remaining Hb's curve. HbS's sickling enhances O₂ unloading, contradicting A's left shift, making it false.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: exercise does not increase PaCO₂ it remains ≈40 mmHg as ventilation matches CO₂ production (e.g., 0.2 to 4 L/min). Choice B is true; PAO₂ rises slightly (e.g., 100 to 110 mmHg) with hyperventilation. ' PaCO₂ stays stable. Choice D is accurate; PaO₂ holds at ≈95-100 mmHg in healthy lungs. Choice E (increased PvCO₂) is true (e.g., 46 to 50 mmHg). Exercise boosts V̇E (e.g., 6 to 120 L/min), preventing PaCO₂ rise, making A the exception in normal physiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pneumonia secondary to influenza often leads to ineffective breathing patterns due to lung inflammation, mucus buildup, and impaired gas exchange, making it a primary nursing diagnosis. The client may experience shortness of breath or rapid, shallow breathing as the body struggles to oxygenate properly, a direct result of flu-related respiratory complications. Disturbed sleep pattern is plausible, as coughing and discomfort disrupt rest, supporting recovery challenges. Self-care deficit: bathing could apply if fatigue or weakness prevents personal hygiene, common in severe illness. Chronic pain, however, implies a long-term condition unrelated to acute pneumonia or flu, which typically cause temporary discomfort like myalgia or pleuritic pain. The nurse prioritizes ineffective breathing pattern because it addresses the life-threatening respiratory impact of pneumonia, requiring interventions like oxygen therapy or positioning. This diagnosis aligns with the clinical presentation of flu complications, guiding care to stabilize the client's respiratory status and prevent further deterioration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus was a reassortant strain with genes from pig (swine flu viruses), bird (avian influenza), and human sources, reflecting its zoonotic origins. Pigs act as ‘mixing vessels,' allowing genetic exchange between flu strains from different species, which occurred here, creating a novel virus that jumped to humans. Bird genes contributed via prior avian flu strains, while human genes enabled efficient human-to-human transmission, fueling the pandemic. Cat-derived flu genes aren't documented in H1N1's makeup felines aren't typical influenza reservoirs. Pig genes alone don't tell the full story; it's the combination that matters. The nurse educates on this multi-species origin to highlight how influenza evolves, emphasizing vigilance for zoonotic threats, a key infection control lesson from H1N1's global spread, informing strategies like surveillance and vaccination.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Congestive heart failure (CHF) heightens an adult's flu risk if exposed, as it weakens heart and lung function, impairing oxygen delivery and immune response. Fluid in the lungs from CHF also fosters viral growth and complications like pneumonia, making infection more likely and severe. Gallbladder disease doesn't affect immunity or respiratory defense. Post-cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) recovery doesn't inherently increase flu susceptibility immunity remains intact. Deep vein thrombosis impacts clotting, not infection risk. The nurse identifies CHF as the key condition, per evidence linking cardiopulmonary issues to flu vulnerability, urging preventive steps like vaccination for such clients to mitigate serious respiratory threats.