ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions and Answers on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone is made in the adrenal cortex (D), not hypothalamus/pituitary, making it incorrect. Na⺠reabsorption (A), K⺠secretion (B), and water effects (C) are true, so D is the error.
Question 2 of 5
A patient undergoes a nephrectomy after having massive trauma to the kidney. Which assessment finding obtained postoperatively is most important to communicate to the surgeon?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low urine output (20 mL/hr, C) post-nephrectomy suggests renal perfusion issues (e.g., bleeding), critical to report. BP (A) needs monitoring, pain (B) is manageable, and crackles (D) are less urgent, making C the priority.
Question 3 of 5
A male patient in the clinic provides a urine sample that is red-orange in color. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A red-orange color in the urine is normal with some over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as phenazopyridine. The color is not expected with urinary tract infection, is not a sign that poor technique was used in obtaining the specimen and does not need to be communicated to the health care provider until further assessment is done.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a male patient who has functional incontinence. What actions should the nurse take to help prevent incontinence?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Functional incontinence from physical barriers improves with urinal access (D). Cranberry juice (A) prevents UTIs, not incontinence, longer intervals (B) suit urge incontinence, and Kegels (C) help stress incontinence, making D the best action.
Question 5 of 5
A patient hospitalized for orthopedic surgery had a urinary catheter inserted. The patient later develops a urinary tract infection and asks the nurse what caused it. What is the appropriate response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urinary tract infections are almost always caused by an ascending infection starting at the external urinary meatus.