ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions and Answers on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is about 125 ml/min, producing 180 L/day of filtrate, but only 1-2 L of urine is excreted daily. Thus, approximately 1% of the GFR is excreted, with 99% reabsorbed by the tubules. Option A reverses this, B underestimates reabsorption, and C is too low, making D the correct statement.
Question 2 of 5
ADH administration will not stop diuresis if it is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH administration corrects diuresis from ADH deficiency (A) by increasing water reabsorption and may mitigate excess water intake (B) by concentrating urine. However, in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (C), the kidneys don't respond to ADH due to receptor or aquaporin defects, so diuresis persists despite ADH, making C the exception.
Question 3 of 5
To prevent a common, adverse effect of prolonged use of phenytoin sodium (Dilantin), patients taking the drug are instructed to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin (Dilantin), an anticonvulsant, commonly causes gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth) with prolonged use. Practicing good dental hygiene and reporting gum swelling or bleeding (D) helps prevent and manage this. Avoiding crowds (A) relates to infection risk, not a common effect; fluid intake (B) addresses hydration, not specific to phenytoin; and diet (C) is unrelated, making D the correct preventive measure.
Question 4 of 5
The medical-surgical nurse performs a dressing change on a patient with a history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The patient questions why the wound is not healing. Recognizing a teaching opportunity, what response does the nurse offer the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In non-insulin-dependent diabetes (Type 2), poor wound healing often ties to hyperglycemia, impairing immune response and tissue repair. Asking about blood sugar monitoring (D) targets this, opening discussion on glycemic control. Carbs (A), exercise (B), and sleep (C) matter less directly, making D the best teaching response.
Question 5 of 5
The main barrier precluding the free passage of albumin across the glomerular capillary walls is formed by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albumin, a negatively charged protein, is primarily blocked by anionic proteoglycan clusters in the glomerular basement membrane (B), which repel it via charge. The fenestrated endothelium (A) filters small molecules, and filtration slits (C) between podocytes limit size, but the basement membrane's charge barrier is key. ‘None' (D) is incorrect as B is true, making B the correct answer.