Which of the following is considered normal adult bladder capacity?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adult bladder capacity is 400-500 ml e.g., typical urge at 300-400. Less (50-200) or more (800-1000) don't fit. Nurses note e.g., catheter output for function, per physiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Illness prevention in nursing focuses on proactive measures to stop disease development, particularly for conditions like hypertension. Teaching lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, empowers clients to manage blood pressure and reduce risk, aligning with primary prevention's educational emphasis. Performing risk screenings identifies hypertension early, enabling timely intervention before complications arise, another primary prevention strategy. Providing heart-healthy diet literature reinforces these efforts, equipping clients with practical tools for prevention. Reporting low blood pressure or administering medications, while critical interventions, address existing conditions rather than prevent onset, falling under treatment or management. Nurses' preventive role leverages education and screening to foster healthy habits and early detection, significantly impacting chronic disease trajectories like hypertension, where lifestyle plays a pivotal role.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In evidence-based practice (EBP), the second step after posing a question is a systematic review, where the nurse summarizes findings from multiple studies on a specific nursing practice like pain relief methods. This involves synthesizing data from diverse sources, assessing consistency, and identifying patterns, not just asking a question (step one) or recommending practice (later step). A meta-analysis, a statistical synthesis, may follow but isn't required here. Systematic review builds a comprehensive evidence base, revealing what works e.g., studies showing non-opioid pain options reduce side effects setting the stage for appraisal and application. It's meticulous, reducing bias by including all relevant research, ensuring nurses ground decisions in a broad, reliable overview rather than isolated findings, critical for effective, patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Stages of Change Model tracks behavior shift, and this client's denial of diet's role in heart disease places them in precontemplation. Here, individuals show no intent to change within six months, often resisting evidence like diet's link to atherosclerosis clinging to beliefs that meds alone suffice. Contemplation involves considering change, preparation plans it, and maintenance sustains it none apply, as the client isn't pondering dietary shifts. This stage reflects unawareness or defiance, common post-surgery when focusing on recovery, not prevention. Nursing must gently challenge this, using education like explaining sodium's impact on heart strain to nudge awareness, critical for moving them toward contemplation and eventual heart-healthy habits, preventing further cardiac issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Primary prevention targets illness before it strikes, ideal for young adults shaping lifelong habits. Educating about smoking risks cancer, lung damage aims to deter uptake or prompt quitting, a modifiable behavior with huge impact, as smoking's a top preventable death cause. Screening for STIs is secondary, catching disease early, not stopping it. Referring depression cases or planning asthma care is tertiary, managing conditions, not preventing onset. Smoking education fits primary prevention's proactive core studies show early awareness cuts initiation rates perfect for a community setting where young adults face peer pressures. Nursing uses this to shift trajectories, reducing chronic illness odds through informed choice, a powerful, scalable action for this age group's health future.