ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Multiple Choice Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for cancer development?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Genetic instability is a non-modifiable risk factor predisposing individuals to various types of cancer.
Question 2 of 5
What is the most important measure to prevent contrast-induced AKI in a patient with CKD?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Holding metformin is critical in preventing contrast-induced AKI in CKD patients, as it reduces the risk of lactic acidosis if renal function declines.
Question 3 of 5
A 45-year-old morbidly obese man with a history of untreated obstructive sleep apnea and type II diabetes presents with lower extremity swelling in 3 months of progressive shortness of breath. A transthoracic echocardiogram performed revealed severe pulmonary hypertension with a right ventricular systolic pressure of 85 mmHg with preserved right ventricular function. The patient's vital signs are normal except for an oxygen saturation of 85% while he is breathing ambient air. He has elevated jugular venous pressures, as well as a loud P2 component of the 2nd heart sound on cardiac auscultation. His lung examination is clear. He has no rash or synovitis. Which one of the following tests is most appropriate next step for better identifying the cause of this patient's hypoxemia and peripheral edema?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An arterial blood gas (ABG) is the most direct way to assess hypoxemia severity and type (e.g., hypoventilation vs. shunt) in this patient with pulmonary hypertension and OSA. It guides further workup for causes like chronic hypoxemia contributing to edema and PH, per pulmonary guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
Which dysrhythmia is thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reentry is a complex process in which a cardiac impulse continues to depolarize in a part of the heart after the main impulse has finished its path and the majority of the fibers have repolarized. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is caused by accessory pathways that originate in the atria, bypass the AV node, and enter a site in the ventricular myocardium. This causes the ventricles to contract prematurely, resulting in a reentrant tachycardia. Second-degree block is a conduction failure between the sinus impulse and its ventricular response. Sinus bradycardia is a slowed impulse generation by the sinus node. A junctional escape rhythm originates in the AV node.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is being discharged home after hospitalization of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. As the nurse providing discharge teaching to the patient, which statement is NOT a correct statement about this condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction primarily causes pulmonary congestion leading to symptoms like dyspnea and cough. Hepatic vein congestion and peripheral edema are characteristic of right-sided heart failure, not directly left-sided systolic dysfunction.