ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is caused by infections by bread molds?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucormycosis, caused by Mucorales (e.g., Rhizopus), bread molds, is a rare, aggressive fungal infection, often in diabetics or immunocompromised, invading blood vessels and lungs from inhaled spores. Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides) is dimorphic, not mold-only, tied to soil. Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans) involves yeast from bird droppings, not bread molds. Pneumocystis pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii) is a distinct fungus, not mold-related, affecting AIDS patients. Mucormycosis's rapid tissue destruction contrasts with others' slower progression, requiring urgent antifungals and surgery, distinguishing its mold etiology in respiratory and systemic fungal threats.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is evaluating the goals for a client with atypical pneumonia. Which finding indicates that an outcome has been successfully met?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uninterrupted sleep (A) indicates a met outcome in atypical pneumonia (e.g., Mycoplasma) rest reflects reduced dyspnea/fever. Splinting (B) is ongoing, not a resolution marker. Normal temperature (C) is partial success. Oâ‚‚ need (D) suggests unresolved hypoxemia. The document's answer (A) fits sleep improvement (e.g., 6-8 hours) signals recovery from fatigue, distinguishing it from D's dependency.
Question 3 of 5
The maximum volume of air contained in the lung by a full forced inhalation is called _________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total lung capacity (TLC) is the maximum air volume the lungs hold after a full forced inhalation, about 6 liters in adults, encompassing all lung volumes (tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual). Tidal volume is normal breathing (~500 mL), not maximum. Vital capacity is maximal inhalable/exhalable air (~4.8 L), excluding residual volume, less than TLC. Ventilation rate is breaths per minute, not volume. TLC reflects lung health reduced in restrictive diseases like fibrosis measuring total potential, critical in pulmonary function tests to assess capacity and guide respiratory therapy.
Question 4 of 5
The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pericardium, a double-layered sac, surrounds and protects the heart, with a fibrous outer layer anchoring it and a serous inner layer reducing friction via pericardial fluid. The pleura encase the lungs, not the heart. The myocardium is the heart's muscle layer, not a membrane. The mediastinum is the thoracic region, not a protective sac. This pericardial shield prevents overexpansion and infection, essential for heart function, a fundamental concept in cardiac anatomy, relevant in conditions like pericarditis where inflammation disrupts this protection.
Question 5 of 5
Identify the structure found in a fetus that allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ductus arteriosus, a fetal vessel, shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, bypassing nonfunctional lungs oxygen comes from the placenta. The fossa ovalis is a postnatal remnant of the foramen ovale, which shunts atrial blood. Trabeculae carneae are ventricular ridges, not shunts. This temporary conduit closes after birth (ligamentum arteriosum), redirecting blood to the lungs, a key fetal adaptation ensuring systemic oxygenation, critical in congenital defects like patent ductus arteriosus where closure fails.