ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The epicardium is another name for the visceral pericardium, the serous layer adhering to the heart's surface, distinct from the parietal pericardium and fibrous outer sac. Endocardium lines chambers, myocardium is muscle, fibrous pericardium is external. This synonym reflects its pericardial role, key in friction reduction, critical in epicardial pathology like inflammation, a precise layer nomenclature.
Question 2 of 5
A client who develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is exhibiting hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen therapy. In explaining the client's condition to the family, the nurse would incorporate which concept?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ARDS shunts blood past non-ventilated alveoli (A), per document (1). Diffuse alveolar damage (e.g., sepsis) fills alveoli with exudate (100-200 mL), halting ventilation (V/Q = 0). Oâ‚‚ therapy fails PaOâ‚‚ <60 mmHg despite FiOâ‚‚ 1.0 unlike COPD's air trapping (B). Surfactant decreases (C false), and secretions (D) are secondary. A's shunting 50% blood bypass explains refractory hypoxemia, distinguishing it from B's obstruction or C's reversal.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse caring for a client diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) should consider that in this client, impaired gas exchange is mostly likely related to which factor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ARDS impairs gas exchange via shunting past non-ventilated alveoli (C), per document (3). Exudate (e.g., 200 mL) from injury (e.g., sepsis) floods alveoli, dropping ventilation (V/Q = 0), causing hypoxemia (PaOâ‚‚ <50 mmHg). Air trapping (A) is COPD. Fluid accumulation (B) contributes, but shunting's the mechanism. Excess AAT (D) is irrelevant. C's bypass 50% blood unoxygenated explains Oâ‚‚ failure, unlike A's obstruction.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer respiratory medications to a child hospitalized with asthma. By which most frequently used route will the medication be administered?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aerosol (A) is the most frequent asthma medication route, per document (1). Inhalers (e.g., albuterol) deliver bronchodilators to airways (90% lung deposition), acting fast (5 min). IV (B) or subcutaneous (C) are emergent (e.g., epinephrine). Oral (D) is slow (e.g., montelukast). A's efficiency FEVâ‚ up 20% beats D's delay, per GINA.
Question 5 of 5
In the lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the lungs, P_CO2 in alveoli (~40 mmHg) is lower than in pulmonary capillaries (~45 mmHg), driving COâ‚‚ diffusion from blood to alveoli for exhalation. Deoxygenated blood arrives with higher COâ‚‚; alveoli, refreshed by ventilation, maintain lower COâ‚‚. P_O2 is higher in alveoli (~100 mmHg) than capillaries (~40 mmHg), enabling Oâ‚‚ uptake. Equal pressures (A, B) would halt exchange; higher alveolar P_CO2 (C) contradicts ventilation's role. This gradient, part of external respiration, ensures COâ‚‚ clearance and oxygenation, a fundamental gas exchange principle, critical in understanding lung efficiency and hypercapnia where COâ‚‚ retention rises.