Which of the following is an indication of lower respiratory infection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Inability to lie supine is a significant indication of lower respiratory infection. This symptom often occurs due to breathing difficulties and discomfort experienced by individuals with lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. It can be caused by lung inflammation, consolidation, or fluid buildup in the lungs, making lying flat uncomfortable or difficult. Monitoring a patient's ability to lie flat can provide valuable information about the severity and progression of a lower respiratory infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diarrhea can be caused by various infectious agents such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Allergy, on the other hand, is a non-infectious cause of diarrhea. When an individual with a food allergy consumes the specific food they are allergic to, it can trigger diarrhea as a part of the allergic reaction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate fluid for Madam Serwaa's 7-month-old baby with diarrhea and signs of moderate dehydration but who can still drink is option A, ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution). ORS is the correct choice because it is specifically designed to replace lost fluids and electrolytes in cases of dehydration due to diarrhea. It helps to prevent further dehydration and is safe for oral administration in infants who can still drink. Option B, Resomal, is not the most appropriate choice in this scenario as it is a specialized rehydration solution typically used in severe cases of malnutrition and dehydration, not for moderate dehydration with diarrhea in a 7-month-old baby. Option C, rice water, is not recommended in this case because it lacks the necessary electrolytes to effectively rehydrate the baby and may not provide adequate nutrition. Option D, I.V. Ringer's lactate, is not the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration with diarrhea in infants who can still drink. ORS is preferred over IV fluids in cases where oral intake is possible to avoid unnecessary invasive interventions. Educationally, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand the appropriate fluid management in cases of dehydration in infants to provide effective and evidence-based care. Understanding the indications and rationale for using ORS in pediatric patients with diarrhea and dehydration is essential for nursing practice in pediatric settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Status asthmaticus is a life-threatening condition characterized by a severe and prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatments. It requires immediate medical intervention to prevent respiratory failure and potential fatality. Reactive airway disease, intrinsic asthma, and extrinsic asthma do not specifically denote the severity and unresponsiveness to treatment seen in status asthmaticus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chest pain is a common symptom associated with pneumococcal pneumonia. It can occur due to inflammation of the pleura or irritation of the lung tissue, leading to sharp or stabbing pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. While cough and fever are also common with pneumonia, chest pain is particularly significant in this case.