Which of the following is an expected reaction from a client who has just been told by the physician that his tumor is malignant and has metastasis in to several organs?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A malignant, metastatic diagnosis often triggers grief's depression stage (Kübler-Ross), with crying as a natural emotional release. Criticism, withdrawal, or seeking consultations may reflect denial or bargaining, less immediate than sorrow. Nurses expect and support this reaction, offering empathy and presence, facilitating coping as patients process a life-altering prognosis, critical for emotional care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A theory in nursing, like Orem's Self-Care Deficit, comprises concepts (e.g., self-care), definitions (clarifying terms), relationships (how concepts interact), and assumptions (underlying beliefs), all to explain phenomena patterns or events like patient recovery. This explanatory role guides practice by providing a lens to understand health-related behaviors or outcomes. Formulating legislation is unrelated; theories inform policy indirectly but aren't legal tools. Measuring nursing functions might be a research outcome, not a theory's purpose, which is broader and conceptual. Reflecting the domain of nursing practice describes what theories encompass but not their active function explanation drives their utility. By explaining phenomena, theories offer nurses frameworks to predict, interpret, and address patient needs, making this the most accurate description of a theory's role in nursing science.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing as a science draws on scientifically tested knowledge applied in practice e.g., evidence from randomized trials on wound dressings informs care. This ensures interventions are reliable, not anecdotal, blending art's intuition with science's rigor. Physician-generated research is too narrow; nursing science includes broader sources (e.g., nurse-led studies). Experimental research (e.g., trials) is one method, but not all knowledge is experimental observational studies also contribute. Non-experimental research alone (e.g., surveys) lacks the full scope of tested application. Scientifically tested knowledge encompasses diverse, validated findings, grounding nursing in evidence-based practice, making it the comprehensive basis for its scientific dimension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Anticipatory grieving mourning before a loss (e.g., terminal diagnosis) helps clients or families process emotions gradually, fostering a healthier emotional state. It allows acceptance over time, reducing shock post-loss (e.g., preparing for a loved one's death). Privacy is possible but not the benefit grieving's value lies in emotional work, not seclusion. Drawing family closer may occur, but it's secondary; individual coping is primary. Discussing with others aids support, not the core benefit. By facilitating emotional adjustment e.g., a patient accepting mortality anticipatory grieving eases transition, a key nursing focus in end-of-life care, making this the primary advantage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.