ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, such as rewards or punishments, distinguishing it from classical conditioning. Choice A, a dog salivating at a bell, is an example of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (bell) becomes associated with an unconditioned response (salivation) via repeated pairing, as demonstrated by Pavlov. In contrast, choice B, a rat pressing a lever for food, exemplifies operant conditioning, as the rat learns to perform an action (lever press) to receive a reward (food). Choice C, a crow pecking a key for food, also fits operant conditioning, as the behavior is reinforced by a positive outcome. Choice D, 'all of the above,' is incorrect because A is not operant conditioning. B is the correct answer as it clearly illustrates a behavior shaped by its consequence, a core principle of operant conditioning. Nurses apply this concept in behavior modification therapies, reinforcing positive actions to improve patient outcomes, making it critical to distinguish between these learning types.
Question 2 of 5
Most priority nursing intervention while caring for a child who is suffering from tonic-clonic seizure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During tonic-clonic seizures, safety is paramount. Oxygen (choice A) may follow but isn't first. Sitting/water (choice B) risks aspiration, inappropriate. Protecting from injury (choice C) padding, clearing objects prevents harm during convulsions. Restraints (choice D) worsen injury. C is correct, per seizure protocol. Nurses time seizures, ensure airway post-ictal, and reassure, prioritizing safety.
Question 3 of 5
Imelda, was slashed and hacked by an unknown suspects. She suffered massive tissue loss and laceration on her arms and elbow in an attempt to evade the criminal. As a nurse, you know that the type of healing that will most likely occur to Miss Imelda is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Imelda's massive tissue loss and lacerations suggest second intention healing (B). This occurs in large, open wounds where edges can't be sutured, healing via granulation tissue formation from the base up, often with significant scarring. First intention (A) requires clean, approximated edges, not feasible here. Third intention (C) involves delayed closure of infected wounds, but the scenario doesn't specify infection or surgical delay. Fourth intention (D) isn't recognized. Second intention fits extensive trauma with tissue loss, as the body fills the defect naturally, making B the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Marissa Salva, Uses Benson's relaxation. How is it done?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Benson's relaxation (B) involves focusing on breathing, relaxing without tensing, and repeating a word/sound post-exhalation to reduce stress. Tensing muscles (A) is progressive relaxation (Jacobson). Positive statements (C) fit affirmations, not Benson. Exercise with meditation (D) is broader. Benson's method, per his research, uses breath focus and repetition for physiologic calm, making B correct.
Question 5 of 5
Therapeutic nurse client relationship is describes as follows 1. Based on friendship and mutual interest 2. It is a professional relationship 3. It is focused on helping the patient solve problems and achieve health-related goals 4. Maintained only as long as the patient requires professional help
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A therapeutic relationship is professional (2), problem-focused (3), and time-limited (4), per Peplau thus C (2,3,4). Friendship (1) blurs boundaries, making A, B, and D incorrect. C aligns with nursing's therapeutic intent.