Which of the following is an example of a preventive measure in public health?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination. Preventive measures aim to prevent diseases before they occur. Vaccination helps the immune system recognize and fight specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and disease transmission. Chemotherapy (A) is a treatment for cancer, not prevention. Radiation therapy (C) and surgical intervention (D) are also treatments rather than preventive measures. Vaccination stands out as the only option that directly addresses disease prevention, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for fetal development, especially in preventing neural tube defects. It aids in the formation of the neural tube, which develops into the baby's brain and spinal cord. Pregnant women are advised to take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of these defects. Rationale for other choices: A: Vitamin C - While important for overall health, Vitamin C does not specifically reduce the risk of neural tube defects. B: Vitamin D - Important for bone health, but not directly linked to reducing neural tube defects. D: Iron - Necessary for preventing anemia during pregnancy, but not specifically known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Integrated case management of childhood illnesses. This is a key component of the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) strategy, which focuses on a holistic approach to managing common childhood illnesses at the primary healthcare level. IMCI includes assessing and classifying sick children, providing appropriate treatments, counseling caregivers, and ensuring follow-up care. This strategy aims to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality by improving the quality of care provided to children. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly align with the key component of the IMCI strategy. Promoting hospital-based care (A) may not be feasible or sustainable in resource-limited settings where primary healthcare is crucial. Providing routine immunizations (B) is important but is not the primary focus of the IMCI strategy. Enhancing maternal nutrition (C) is essential for maternal and child health but is not a key component of the IMCI strategy, which specifically targets childhood illnesses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 6 months. At this age, infants' digestive systems are more developed and ready for solid foods. Introducing solids too early (A) can lead to allergies and digestion issues. Waiting until 9 months (C) or 12 months (D) can delay important nutrients and increase the risk of iron deficiency. In summary, introducing solids at 6 months strikes the right balance between developmental readiness and nutritional needs for infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination. Preventive measures aim to prevent diseases before they occur. Vaccination helps the immune system recognize and fight specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and disease transmission. Chemotherapy (A) is a treatment for cancer, not prevention. Radiation therapy (C) and surgical intervention (D) are also treatments rather than preventive measures. Vaccination stands out as the only option that directly addresses disease prevention, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: To provide couples with the information and means to control fertility. This is because the primary aim of the Family Planning Program is to empower individuals with the knowledge and resources to make informed decisions about family size and spacing. This includes access to contraceptives, education about reproductive health, and support for family planning choices. A: To improve infant nutrition - This is not the primary aim of the Family Planning Program, although family planning can indirectly contribute to better infant nutrition by spacing births appropriately. B: To reduce maternal mortality - While family planning can help reduce maternal mortality by preventing unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions, it is not the primary aim of the program. C: To prevent sexually transmitted infections - Although promoting safe sex practices is important in family planning, preventing STIs is not the primary aim of the program.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improving access to high-quality immunization services. GIVS aims to ensure that everyone has access to vaccines and immunization services to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. This objective aligns with the overall goal of increasing vaccination coverage and reducing the burden of vaccine-preventable illnesses globally. Choice A is incorrect as GIVS focuses on communicable diseases, not non-communicable diseases. Choice C is incorrect as GIVS aims to improve access to immunization services, not necessarily reduce the cost of healthcare. Choice D is incorrect as GIVS does not specifically target increasing the number of healthcare professionals, but rather improving access to immunization services.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hepatitis B. Newborns are typically administered the Hepatitis B vaccine within the first 24 hours of birth to prevent transmission from infected mothers. This early vaccination helps protect infants from a potentially serious viral infection. The other choices are incorrect because BCG is usually given for tuberculosis, OPV is an oral polio vaccine, and Measles vaccination is typically given at a later age. Administering Hepatitis B vaccine to newborns is a crucial preventive measure against a common viral infection transmitted from mother to child.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breastfeeding provides passive immunity to the infant. Breast milk contains antibodies that help protect the baby from infections. This passive immunity is crucial for the infant's developing immune system. A: Breastfeeding does not directly reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. C: Breastfeeding is actually associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. D: Breastfeeding can delay the return of menstruation due to hormonal changes, but this is not the main benefit of breastfeeding. In summary, the key benefit of breastfeeding is providing passive immunity to the infant, which is crucial for their health and development.