Which of the following is an appropriate site for administration of DPT vaccine?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vastus lateralis muscle. The vastus lateralis is a recommended site for administration of DPT vaccine in infants and young children. It is a large muscle located in the thigh, providing a well-developed area for injection with minimal risk of hitting nerves or blood vessels. The site is easily accessible, especially for parents or caregivers administering the vaccine. Choice A (Deltoid muscle) is more commonly used in adults, not preferred for infants. Choices C (Gluteus maximus muscle) and D (Abdomen) are not recommended sites for DPT vaccine administration due to potential risk of hitting sciatic nerve in the gluteal region and abdominal organs in the abdomen, respectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Iron supplementation is given to pregnant women to prevent anemia. During pregnancy, iron requirements increase to support the growing fetus and maternal blood volume expansion. Anemia in pregnancy can lead to complications such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and maternal fatigue. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the tissues. Therefore, ensuring adequate iron levels helps prevent anemia and supports the health of both the mother and the baby. Summary: - A: Correct. Prevents anemia by supporting hemoglobin production. - B: Incorrect. Fetal growth is influenced by various factors, not just iron. - C: Incorrect. Premature labor is not directly prevented by iron supplementation. - D: Incorrect. Postpartum hemorrhage is more related to factors like uterine atony, not iron levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Letter of Instruction No. 949. This document issued by the Philippine government in 1979 officially adopted the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach. It outlined the strategies and framework for implementing PHC nationwide. The Alma Ata Declaration on PHC (A) is a global agreement but not the legal basis in the Philippines. Presidential Decree No. 147 (C) and Presidential Decree No. 996 (D) do not specifically address the PHC approach. Therefore, the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines is Letter of Instruction No. 949.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, as it highlights the sustainability aspect crucial in primary health care. Sustainable health programs align with the community's development level, ensuring long-term effectiveness. A: Providing free health services is not an indicator of success as sustainability and community involvement are key. B: While empowering local officials is important, it doesn't directly measure the success of the primary health care approach. C: Providing care based on identified needs is a fundamental aspect but doesn't guarantee success without sustainability.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Post-natal care. Post-natal care refers to the care given to a woman within a month after delivering a baby. This care is crucial for monitoring the mother's physical and emotional health, providing support with breastfeeding, ensuring proper healing, and addressing any postpartum complications. Follow-up care (A) is a general term that may include various types of care beyond the immediate post-natal period. Maternity care (B) typically refers to the care provided during pregnancy and childbirth, not specifically after delivery. Puerperal care (C) specifically focuses on the period immediately following childbirth and may not encompass the entire month post-delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, under 5-year-old children. They are particularly vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their high nutritional needs for growth and development. Infants and young children have limited food intake capacity and are dependent on caregivers for proper nutrition. This age group is at a critical stage of growth, making them more susceptible to the negative impact of malnutrition on physical and cognitive development. Pregnant women and the elderly (choice A) have specific nutritional needs but are not as vulnerable to PEM as young children. Choices C and D are incorrect as 1-4-year-old children and school-age children have a lower risk of PEM compared to under 5-year-old children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Primigravida refers to a woman pregnant for the first time. 2. Colostrum is the first milk produced after childbirth, rich in antibodies and nutrients. 3. Offering the breast within 30 minutes ensures the baby receives this vital colostrum. 4. Colostrum provides immune protection and establishes the baby's gut microbiome. 5. Options A and B relate to mature milk production, not colostrum. 6. Option D focuses on practice, not the immediate benefits of colostrum.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of these health professionals can sign a birth certificate. Public health nurses, rural health midwives, and municipal health officers are all qualified to verify and certify births. This is important for accurate record-keeping and legal purposes. Each of these professionals has the training and authority to confirm the details of a birth and sign the necessary documentation. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as any of these health professionals can sign the birth certificate. The other choices (A, B, and C) are incorrect because they limit the scope of who can sign the birth certificate, whereas the correct answer encompasses all the options provided.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG. BCG vaccine is administered through intradermal injection, leaving a small scar due to the immune response it triggers. The scar formation is a characteristic feature of the BCG vaccine and is used as an indicator of successful vaccination. Other vaccines like DPT, Hepatitis B, and Measles do not typically leave a permanent scar at the injection site. The scar formation with BCG vaccine is a result of the body's immune response to the live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain in the vaccine, leading to a localized inflammatory reaction and subsequent scarring.