Which of the following is an appropriate method for treating dehydration in infants?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering oral rehydration solution. This is the appropriate method for treating dehydration in infants because it helps replace lost fluids and electrolytes effectively. Oral rehydration solution contains the right balance of water, salts, and sugars needed to rehydrate the infant. It is safe and easy for infants to consume. Providing fruit juice (B) is not recommended as it may contain too much sugar and not enough electrolytes. Increasing milk intake (C) can worsen dehydration due to difficulty digesting milk during dehydration. Administering antibiotics (D) is not necessary for dehydration treatment as it does not address the primary issue of fluid and electrolyte loss.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Poliomyelitis. The EPI targets diseases for eradication through vaccination programs. Polio is a priority due to its devastating effects and the effectiveness of the polio vaccine. Hepatitis B (A) is not currently targeted for eradication. Diphtheria (B) and Tuberculosis (D) are controlled through vaccination and treatment but are not targeted for global eradication efforts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct action is to delay the immunization until the fever subsides. This is because administering a vaccine during a fever may affect the body's immune response and efficacy of the vaccine. Giving a lower dose (choice C) may not provide adequate protection. Administering an antipyretic (choice D) may temporarily reduce fever but does not address the underlying illness causing the fever. Administering the vaccine as scheduled (choice A) can be harmful and is not recommended when the child has a fever.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reduces the risk of severe measles. Vitamin A helps strengthen the immune system, reducing the severity of infections like measles. Providing supplements can prevent complications and reduce mortality rates. A, C, and D are incorrect as Vitamin A specifically targets measles prevention, not cognitive development, anemia prevention, or physical growth. Measles is a major concern in children, and Vitamin A supplementation significantly benefits their health by reducing measles-related complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children aged 1-4 years. This age group is most vulnerable to PEM due to their rapid growth and development, high energy requirements, and dependency on caregivers for nutrition. Infants below 6 months are typically protected by breast milk, adolescents have lower risk due to fewer growth demands, and elderly are more at risk for other types of malnutrition. Therefore, children aged 1-4 years are the most vulnerable to PEM.