ATI LPN
Immune System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is an antimalarial DMARD?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hydroxychloroquine. It is an antimalarial DMARD (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug) commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Hydroxychloroquine works by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system. Methotrexate (A) is a DMARD but not used for malaria. Leflunomide (C) is also a DMARD for rheumatoid arthritis. Adalimumab (D) is a biologic DMARD used for autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, but not for malaria. In summary, hydroxychloroquine is the correct choice as it is specifically indicated for treating malaria among the options provided.
Question 2 of 5
Which medication is used to inhibit renal reabsorption of urates?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Probenecid is the correct answer as it inhibits renal reabsorption of urates by blocking the URAT1 transporter. By decreasing uric acid reabsorption, it increases urate excretion, thus lowering serum uric acid levels. Allopurinol and Febuxostat are xanthine oxidase inhibitors used to reduce uric acid production, not reabsorption. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation and does not affect urate reabsorption.
Question 3 of 5
A client is in the hospital and has received two doses of an angiotensin-converting enzyme for hypertension. When the nurse answers the client's call light, the client presents an appearance as shown below: What action by the nurse takes is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensure a patent airway while calling the Rapid Response Team. This is the most appropriate action because the client is showing signs of angioedema, a potentially life-threatening adverse reaction to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Angioedema can lead to airway obstruction and respiratory distress, so ensuring a patent airway is crucial. Calling the Rapid Response Team will provide immediate access to additional resources and expertise to manage the situation effectively. Choice A (Administer epinephrine) is incorrect because epinephrine is not the first-line treatment for angioedema caused by ACE inhibitors. Choice B (Apply oxygen) may be helpful but does not address the urgent need to secure the airway. Choice D (Reassure the client) is inappropriate as the situation requires immediate intervention to prevent respiratory compromise.
Question 4 of 5
A measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells is represented by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). MCHC represents the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells. It is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the hematocrit value. MCV (A) represents the average volume of red blood cells, not hemoglobin concentration. Red cell width (B) is not a standard measure of hemoglobin concentration. MCH (C) represents the average amount of hemoglobin in individual red blood cells, not the concentration in a given volume.
Question 5 of 5
The following are antigen presenting cells EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutrophils are not antigen presenting cells as they primarily function in innate immunity by phagocytosing pathogens. B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that process and present antigens to activate adaptive immune responses. Neutrophils lack the specialized machinery for antigen presentation, making choice A the correct answer.