Which of the following is among an ideal way of collecting a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Discarding initial urine midstream e.g., clears contaminants for C&S, unlike clean container (basic), volume (standard), preservation (post). Nurses ensure e.g., instruction for sterility, per microbiology.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The evolution of nursing education reflects historical shifts in healthcare demands, and World War II marked a significant turning point. During this period, Esther Lucile Brown's 1940s report highlighted the need for nursing education to move from hospital-based training to colleges and universities, arguing it would elevate the profession's standards and scientific foundation. This shift was driven by the war's demand for skilled nurses in both military and civilian roles, exposing the limitations of earlier apprenticeship models. The Spanish-American War saw nursing in its infancy, while World War I, despite Florence Nightingale's influence, still struggled with professionalization. The Civil War predates these developments, with nursing largely informal. World War II's crisis needs catalyzed a formal push for university-based programs, shaping modern nursing education to meet complex healthcare challenges with a stronger academic base, a legacy that continues to influence the profession today.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development underpins pediatric assessments of children's growth, focusing on eight stages tied to age-specific conflicts like trust versus mistrust in infancy. In a pediatric practice, a nurse uses this to gauge if a child's social and emotional milestones align with norms, assessing interactions or independence. Erikson integrates social, biological, and environmental factors, offering a lifespan lens ideal for children. Jean Watson's caring theory emphasizes interpersonal healing, not development. Martha Rogers' model centers on energy fields and client-environment interplay, less stage-focused. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes physical and psychological needs hierarchically, not age-based progression. Erikson's framework provides nurses a structured, age-sensitive tool to evaluate and support psychosocial health, critical for tailoring care to young clients' evolving capabilities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic conditions, unlike acute ones, are defined by persistence and complexity, shaping nursing care. They are rarely curable e.g., diabetes requires ongoing management, not resolution. They have a prolonged course, unfolding over years, demanding sustained interventions like medication or lifestyle adjustments. Their onset is typically slow, not rapid, as with hypertension developing gradually versus a sudden fracture. They don't resolve spontaneously; without care, they worsen think arthritis progressing without therapy. These traits incurability, chronicity guide nurses to focus on long-term strategies, education, and support, contrasting with acute care's quick fixes. Understanding this ensures tailored plans that mitigate impact, enhancing quality of life for clients facing enduring health challenges.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Secondary prevention detects disease early in asymptomatic clients, halting progression perfect for a community setting. Screening for hearing loss fits this, identifying issues like age-related decline before symptoms like isolation emerge, enabling timely aids or therapy. Teaching a low-fat diet is primary, preventing illness onset, not detecting it. Referring to smoking cessation is primary too, averting lung disease, not finding it. Planning care for COPD is tertiary, managing a known condition. Hearing screening aligns with nursing's goal to catch silent problems studies show early detection cuts disability making it ideal for a well client. This proactive step ensures health maintenance, leveraging community access to intervene before symptoms disrupt life, a key nursing strategy for population wellness.