ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is a late sign of heart failure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frothy, blood-tinged sputum (D) is a late sign indicating severe pulmonary edema in advanced heart failure.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has just been diagnosed with hypertension and has been started on captopril (Capoten). Which information is important to include when teaching the patient about this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors frequently cause orthostatic hypotension, and patients should be taught to change position slowly to allow the vascular system time to compensate for the position change. Increasing fluid intake may counteract the effect of the medication, and the patient is taught to use gum or hard candy to relieve dry mouth. The BP should be taken in the nondominant arm by newly diagnosed patients in the morning, before taking the medication, and in the evening. Because ACE inhibitors cause potassium retention, increased intake of high-potassium foods is inappropriate.
Question 3 of 5
A group of student nurses are practicing taking blood pressure. A 56-year-old male student has a blood pressure reading of 146/96 mm Hg. Upon hearing the reading, he exclaims, 'My pressure has never been this high. Do you think my doctor will prescribe medication to reduce it?' Which of the following responses by the nursing instructor would be best?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension is confirmed by two or more readings with systolic pressure of at least 140 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of at least 90 mm Hg. An age of 56 does not constitute a risk factor in and of itself. The nurse should not tell the student that there is no need to worry.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been diagnosed as being prehypertensive. What should the nurse encourage this patient to do to aid in preventing a progression to a hypertensive state?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To prevent or delay progression to hypertension and reduce risk, JNC 7 urged health care providers to encourage people with blood pressures in the prehypertension category to begin lifestyle modifications, such as nutritional changes and exercise. There is no need for patients to limit their activity in the morning or to avoid potassium and protein intake.
Question 5 of 5
Which substance has equal concentrations in CSF and plasma?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium (Na+) concentration is nearly equal in CSF and plasma.