Which of the following is a contraindication in taking RECTAL temperature?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neutropenia contraindicates rectal temp e.g., infection risk from low immunity unlike unconsciousness (manageable), NPO (irrelevant), or young children (common practice). Nurses avoid it in immunocompromised patients, opting for axillary, per infection control standards, prioritizing safety.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Florence Nightingale crafted nursing's first theory in the 1850s, emphasizing environmental manipulation e.g., sanitation in Crimean War hospitals cut deaths. Hammurabi (laws), Alexander (conqueror), and Fabiola (caregiver) didn't theorize nursing. Her work, like 'Notes on Nursing,' formalized the profession, influencing modern practices like infection control. Recognized as nursing's founder, her environmental focus remains a bedrock, shaping its scientific and caring identity globally.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Apprentice Period (6th-19th centuries) saw Christian orders like Sisters of Charity nurse the sick, driven by faith e.g., plague care. Unlike Dark (decline), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (schools), this era fused religious duty with caregiving, laying nursing's compassionate, service-oriented foundation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Assessment, the first nursing process step, collects data via interview (history), observation (vitals), and examination (physical) e.g., noting dyspnea. Planning sets goals, implementation acts, and evaluation reviews. This systematic approach, per Gordon's framework, drives accurate care, essential in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cleaning stem to bulb least to most contaminated e.g., away from anus tip follows asepsis. Bulb-to-stem spreads germs; others illogical. Nurses wipe this e.g., alcohol per infection control, preventing cross-contamination.