Which of the following is a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensuring skilled attendance at birth. This is a key component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative as it focuses on providing trained healthcare professionals during childbirth to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This ensures that complications during labor can be promptly identified and managed, improving outcomes for both mother and baby. A: Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is important for infant health but is not specifically a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative. B: Providing routine immunizations is crucial for child health but not directly related to maternal care during childbirth. D: Offering genetic counseling is valuable for families at risk of genetic disorders but is not a primary focus of the Safe Motherhood Initiative.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Early detection of pregnancy complications. Antenatal care involves regular check-ups during pregnancy to monitor the health of both the mother and the baby. Early detection of pregnancy complications through antenatal care allows for timely intervention and management, reducing the risks to both the mother and the baby. This can help prevent serious complications and improve outcomes. Incorrect choices: B: Increased risk of preterm labor - Antenatal care aims to reduce the risk of preterm labor through monitoring and appropriate management. C: Decreased maternal weight gain - Antenatal care focuses on ensuring appropriate weight gain for a healthy pregnancy. D: Delayed fetal growth - Antenatal care helps monitor fetal growth and detect any issues early to prevent delayed growth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure all children receive routine immunizations to prevent various communicable diseases. EPI focuses on providing vaccines to children at specific ages to build immunity and protect them from serious illnesses. It does not provide emergency medical services (A), offer specialized treatments for rare diseases (C), or manage chronic health conditions (D). By prioritizing routine immunizations, EPI aims to reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases and improve overall public health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus. MMR vaccine is made from weakened live viruses of measles, mumps, and rubella. When administered, the body develops an immune response without causing the disease. Choice A, Hepatitis B vaccine, is a subunit vaccine. Choice B, Inactivated polio vaccine, is a killed virus vaccine. Choice D, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine, is a toxoid vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines provide stronger and longer-lasting immunity as they mimic natural infection without causing illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Achieving a level of health that enables all people to lead economically productive lives. This is the main focus of WHO's Health For All strategy as it aims to ensure that individuals have good health to actively participate in society and the economy. Choice A is incorrect as the strategy doesn't necessarily focus on providing free healthcare to all individuals, but rather on improving overall health outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as simply building more hospitals and clinics does not address the holistic approach of the Health For All strategy. Choice D is incorrect as increasing the number of healthcare workers is important, but the main focus is on achieving better health outcomes for economic productivity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct action is to delay the immunization until the fever subsides. This is because administering a vaccine during a fever may affect the body's immune response and efficacy of the vaccine. Giving a lower dose (choice C) may not provide adequate protection. Administering an antipyretic (choice D) may temporarily reduce fever but does not address the underlying illness causing the fever. Administering the vaccine as scheduled (choice A) can be harmful and is not recommended when the child has a fever.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To record and report public health services. FHSIS is designed to track and document various public health services provided by health facilities. It helps in monitoring disease outbreaks, health programs, and resource allocation. Choice A is incorrect as FHSIS focuses on public health services, not just hospital services. Choice C is incorrect as FHSIS does not specifically evaluate private health services. Choice D is incorrect as FHSIS does not handle health insurance claims but rather focuses on public health data collection and reporting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Malaria. Malaria is an example of a vector-borne disease because it is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The mosquito acts as a vector, carrying and transmitting the infectious agent (Plasmodium parasite) from one host to another. Measles (A), Tuberculosis (B), and Hepatitis B (D) are not vector-borne diseases. Measles is transmitted through respiratory droplets, Tuberculosis through airborne particles, and Hepatitis B through contact with infected blood or body fluids.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To prevent bleeding disorders. Newborns have low levels of Vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K at birth helps prevent a rare but serious condition called Vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Choice A is incorrect because Vitamin K does not prevent jaundice. Choice B is incorrect as Vitamin K does not boost the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as Vitamin K does not enhance bone development. Administering Vitamin K to newborns is crucial for preventing bleeding issues.