Which of the following is a common treatment for polycythemia vera?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phlebotomy. Phlebotomy is a common treatment for polycythemia vera as it involves removing excess red blood cells from the body. This helps reduce the risk of blood clots and other complications associated with the condition. Bisphosphonates (A) are not used to treat polycythemia vera. A high-protein diet (B) and Vitamin C supplements (C) do not address the underlying issue of excess red blood cells in polycythemia vera.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. By asking the client what activities they were able to do 6 months ago compared to the present, the nurse can assess the decline in the client's activity level over time, providing valuable information on the extent of activity intolerance. This question helps establish a baseline and track changes in the client's functional status. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on the duration of the problem rather than the client's current activity tolerance. Choice C does not directly address the client's activity level but rather their ability to keep up with usual activities. Choice D is also incorrect as it only asks about tiredness and does not provide a direct comparison of the client's activity level over time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Choice A (Correct Answer - An autoimmune disorder): 1. Aplastic anemia is often associated with autoimmune disorders where the immune system attacks the bone marrow cells. 2. In aplastic anemia of unknown cause, autoimmune reactions are a common underlying mechanism. 3. Autoimmune disorders can disrupt the bone marrow's ability to produce healthy blood cells. Summary of Other Choices: B: Chemotherapy drugs - While chemotherapy can cause aplastic anemia, the question specifies an unknown cause. C: Radiation exposure - Radiation exposure can lead to aplastic anemia, but the question specifies an unknown cause. D: Toxins - Toxins can contribute to aplastic anemia, but the question implies an undiagnosed origin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ferritin. Ferritin is the major metabolically available storage form of iron in the body. It stores excess iron in a soluble and non-toxic form, releasing it when needed for various physiological functions. Rationale: 1. Ferritin is a protein that binds and stores iron within its structure. 2. It helps regulate the levels of iron in the body by storing excess iron and releasing it when needed. 3. Hemosiderin is an insoluble form of iron storage, not readily available for metabolism. 4. Transferrin is a transport protein that carries iron in the blood, not a storage form. 5. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, not a storage form of iron. Summary: Ferritin is the correct answer as it is the primary metabolically available storage form of iron, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not serve as major storage forms of iron in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hydroxyurea inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, reducing the conversion of xanthine to uric acid. 2. This leads to decreased production of uric acid, resulting in lower serum uric acid levels. 3. Therefore, the statement that hydroxyurea increases serum uric acid levels is FALSE. 4. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the pharmacological mechanism of hydroxyurea in reducing uric acid levels.