Which of the following indicators is used to measure the health status of a population?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Infant mortality rate. This indicator reflects the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births. It is a crucial measure of the overall health of a population as it reflects the quality of healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. High infant mortality rates indicate poor health outcomes and inadequate healthcare services. A: Literacy rate is not directly related to measuring the health status of a population. B: GDP measures the economic performance of a country and does not directly reflect the health status of its population. D: Employment rate is an indicator of the labor market situation, not specifically related to health status measurement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vaccination. Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases because it helps build immunity against specific pathogens, reducing the likelihood of infection and transmission. Vaccines train the immune system to recognize and fight off harmful microorganisms. Antibiotic treatment (A) is used to treat bacterial infections, not prevent the spread of diseases. Quarantine (B) is effective in isolating infected individuals but does not prevent the initial spread of diseases. Nutritional supplementation (D) can support overall health but is not a direct method for preventing infectious diseases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To gather data on health status and needs. The primary purpose of conducting a health survey in a community is to systematically collect information on the health of the population, identify health issues, assess needs, and guide healthcare planning. This data helps in developing effective public health interventions and policies. Choice A (To provide medical treatment to individuals) is incorrect because health surveys focus on population-level data collection, not individual treatment. Choice C (To distribute health education materials) is incorrect as the primary purpose of a health survey is data collection, not distribution of materials. Choice D (To perform laboratory tests) is incorrect because health surveys typically involve collecting information through questionnaires and interviews, rather than conducting laboratory tests.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving quality of life for individuals with existing health conditions. Physical rehabilitation programs fall under this category as they help individuals recover and regain functioning after an illness or injury. This intervention aims to prevent further complications and disabilities. Vaccination campaigns (A) and health education seminars (B) are examples of primary and secondary prevention, focusing on preventing diseases before they occur or detecting them early. Early disease screening (D) is also a form of secondary prevention, aiming to detect diseases in their early stages before symptoms appear.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a community health nurse focuses on promoting health and preventing disease within the community through education, advocacy, and preventive care. This role involves working with individuals, families, and communities to improve overall health outcomes. A: Providing acute care in hospitals is incorrect as this is typically the role of hospital nurses, not community health nurses. B: Conducting surgeries is incorrect as this is a task performed by surgeons or operating room nurses, not community health nurses. D: Diagnosing and treating medical conditions is incorrect as this falls under the responsibility of healthcare providers such as physicians or nurse practitioners, not community health nurses.