Which of the following indicates that learning has been achieved?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Learning is achieved when Matuts exercises and diets (A), showing behavior change, per Bloom's psychomotor domain. Repeating steps (B) is recall, not application. 'I understand' (C) lacks evidence, quiz score (D) tests knowledge, not action. A proves application, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Wheezes are characterized by high-pitched, musical, or hissing sounds heard during breathing, typically on exhalation, due to narrowed airways. This occurs when air is forced through constricted passages, often caused by conditions like asthma, bronchitis, or allergies. In Mrs. Sullen's case, the nurse's description of a hissing or musical sound perfectly matches the definition of wheezes, making it the appropriate documentation. Rhonchi, in contrast, are low-pitched, rattling sounds linked to secretions in larger airways, often cleared by coughing. Gurgles suggest fluid movement, typically in the gastrointestinal tract or severe lung conditions like pulmonary edema, not matching the description here. Vesicular sounds are normal, soft, breezy breath sounds heard over healthy lung tissue, not hissing or musical. Documenting wheezes alerts the healthcare team to a potential respiratory issue requiring further assessment, ensuring Mrs. Sullen receives proper care based on this precise observation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The PICO model structures research questions for clarity, with 'P' standing for Population or Problem, identifying who or what is being studied. The statement 'a 45-year-old client with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation' defines the specific group middle-aged adults with these cardiac conditions setting the scope of the inquiry. 'I' (Intervention) would detail the action, like a new treatment, while 'C' (Comparison) might be standard care, and 'O' (Outcome) the expected result, such as reduced arrhythmias. Here, the client description anchors the question, enabling the nurse to explore targeted interventions or outcomes relevant to this population. This precision ensures research addresses real-world nursing challenges, yielding applicable findings for similar clients in practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ethical dilemmas involve conflicting principles (B), per ethics e.g., autonomy vs. beneficence. Not clear (A), not just legal (C), not all (D) complex choices. B truly defines dilemmas' nature, requiring nurses to weigh values like Mr. Gary's wishes vs. health, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: As nurses advance in education, they are likely to develop a personal theory of nursing, integrating knowledge, experience, and values into a unique care philosophy. This evolution reflects deeper understanding of theoretical frameworks like Orem's self-care model and their application to practice, fostering professional identity. Losing critical thinking or interest in bedside nursing contradicts educational goals, which aim to sharpen skills and passion for client care. Enjoying paperwork might occur but isn't a primary outcome. Developing a personal theory empowers nurses to adapt care creatively, such as tailoring interventions to a client's cultural needs, enhancing both competence and advocacy in complex clinical settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood, unlike exocrine glands with ducts (sweat, sebaceous). They're epithelial-based. This educates clients on hormonal effects, a nursing teaching role.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings (1970s) posits humans as wholes beyond parts e.g., dignity persists post-trauma. Unlike Roy's adaptation, Henderson's needs, or Johnson's behavior, Rogers' wholistic view shapes nursing's focus on indivisible patient worth, influencing holistic care philosophies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Referred pain is felt distant from its source, like shoulder pain with myocardial infarction (MI) (C), per nerve pathway convergence (e.g., diaphragm to shoulder). Stump pain (A) is phantom, surgical site (B) and fracture (D) are local. C exemplifies referred pain's mislocation, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Saying popcorn and nuts are fine post-colostomy shows misunderstanding high-fiber, hard-to-digest foods risk blockage. Emptying at one-third, changing every 3-5 days, and fluids are correct. Nurses clarify diet, preventing complications, key for stoma adaptation.