ATI LPN
Renal System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following has a function in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intercalated cells in the collecting tubule maintain acid-base balance by secreting H⺠(Type A) or HCO₃⻠(Type B) into the tubular lumen, adjusting blood pH in response to acidosis or alkalosis. Juxtaglomerular cells regulate GFR via renin, principal cells manage water and Na⺠balance, and macula densa cells sense tubular fluid composition, not directly affecting acid-base balance, making C the correct choice.
Question 2 of 5
The ADH is synthesized in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus by magnocellular neurons. It's then transported to the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) for storage and release. The posterior pituitary (A, D) doesn't synthesize it, and the anterior pituitary (B) produces other hormones, making C correct.
Question 3 of 5
A young woman is found comatose, having taken an unknown number of sleeping pills an unknown time before. An arterial blood sample yields the following values: pH - 6.90, HCO3- 13 meq/liter, PaCO2 68 mmHg. This patient's acid-base status is most accurately described as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pH of 6.90 (severe acidosis), HCO₃⻠of 13 mEq/L (low), and PaCO₂ of 68 mmHg (high) indicate combined metabolic acidosis (low HCO₃⻠from overdose, e.g., lactic acid) and respiratory acidosis (high PCO₂ from hypoventilation due to sedation). No compensation is evident (HCO₃⻠isn't rising), ruling out A, B, D, making C correct.
Question 4 of 5
For a patient with Crohn disease, the medical-surgical nurse recommends a diet that is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel condition, requires a low-fiber diet to reduce irritation, and high protein and calories (C) to support healing and nutrition during flares. High fiber (A) worsens symptoms, potassium (B, D) isn't the focus unless deficient, making C the recommended diet.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing a patient for bladder training. What is the primary focus of bladder training for patients with impaired urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bladder training for impaired urinary elimination (e.g., incontinence) focuses on strengthening pelvic floor muscles (C) via exercises (e.g., Kegels) and scheduled voiding to improve control. Fluid balance (A) is secondary, catheterization (B) is invasive, and urodynamic testing (D) is diagnostic, making C the primary focus.