Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The intracellular compartment contains the largest volume of water, approximately 60% of total body water, as it encompasses all fluid within cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Without aldosterone, sodium reabsorption decreases, as aldosterone promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ADH, from the posterior pituitary, increases water reabsorption, concentrating urine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Excess ADH causes water retention, diluting plasma sodium and leading to hyponatremia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cell damage releases intracellular potassium into the extracellular fluid, causing hyperkalemia.