ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following explains why immunity to influenza may appear to be relatively short-lived?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: New influenza variants able to escape prior immunity regularly. This is because influenza viruses have high mutation rates, leading to the emergence of new strains that can evade previously acquired immunity. This phenomenon is known as antigenic drift, making it challenging for the immune system to recognize and respond effectively to the constantly evolving strains. A: Effective immunological memory fails to develop - This is incorrect as the immune system does develop memory cells upon exposure to influenza, but the issue lies in the ability of these memory cells to recognize and combat the rapidly changing strains. B: Immune responses to influenza involve innate immune mechanisms only - This is incorrect as both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in fighting influenza, with adaptive immunity playing a crucial role in generating specific memory cells. D: Influenza virus targets memory cells - This is incorrect as influenza primarily targets respiratory epithelial cells rather than specifically targeting memory cells.
Question 2 of 5
Which hereditary disorder should be assessed in relation to hematological concerns? Select one that does not apply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asplenia. Asplenia is a condition where an individual lacks a spleen or has a non-functioning spleen. The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering blood and can lead to hematological concerns if absent. Sickle cell anemia (A), hemophilia (B), and thalassemia (D) are all hereditary disorders that directly affect blood composition or clotting factors, making them relevant to hematological concerns. However, asplenia does not directly involve blood disorders but rather impairs the immune system's ability to fight infections due to the spleen's role in immune response.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to transfuse 250 mL of packed red blood cells (RBCs) to a client over 4 hr. Available is a blood administration set that delivers 10 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual blood transfusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round to the nearest whole number.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the rate of infusion in gtt/min, we first need to find the total number of drops needed for 250 mL over 4 hours. 250 mL x 10 gtt/mL = 2500 drops total 4 hours x 60 min = 240 minutes 2500 drops / 240 min ≈ 10.4 gtt/min Since we need to round to the nearest whole number, the correct answer is 10 gtt/min (Choice A). Choice B (15 gtt/min), Choice C (20 gtt/min), and Choice D (25 gtt/min) are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the calculated rate of infusion based on the given information.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is in hypovolemic shock. While waiting for a unit of blood, the nurse should administer which of the following IV solutions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 0.9% sodium chloride. In hypovolemic shock, there is a loss of blood volume, so isotonic solutions like 0.9% sodium chloride are ideal to expand intravascular volume and help improve perfusion. This solution closely resembles the electrolyte composition of plasma, making it effective for fluid resuscitation. Explanation for other choices: B: 5% dextrose in water - This solution is hypotonic and not ideal for fluid resuscitation in hypovolemic shock as it may worsen the condition by diluting the remaining blood volume. C: Lactated Ringer’s - While this solution is isotonic and contains electrolytes, it may not be the best choice for hypovolemic shock as it contains potassium and lactate which may not be ideal in this situation. D: 0.45% sodium chloride - This solution is hypotonic and may not provide adequate volume expansion needed
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lower back discomfort. Abdominal aortic aneurysm can present with lower back discomfort due to the pressure on surrounding structures. Chest pain (B) is not typically associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Dyspnea (C) and nausea (D) are also not common manifestations of this condition. Lower back discomfort is a key characteristic symptom that nurses should expect when assessing a client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm.