Which of the following ethical principles refers to the duty not to harm?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nonmaleficence, meaning 'do no harm,' is a core ethical principle in healthcare, obligating nurses to avoid causing injury, like double-checking medications. Beneficence promotes good, fidelity ensures loyalty, and veracity demands truthfulness. In practice, nonmaleficence guides safety protocols, balancing risks and benefits to protect patients, a foundational duty in ethical decision-making across all care settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Plain vanilla ice cream fits a full liquid diet, melting to liquid, meeting the client's request safely. Denying, calling, or deferring misses this. Nurses accommodate within guidelines.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulse pressure is systolic minus diastolic e.g., 120-80 = 40 mmHg reflecting arterial elasticity. Apical rate (heartbeats), cardiac rate (synonym), and pulse deficit (apex-radial gap) differ. Nurses calculate this e.g., in hypertension for cardiovascular assessment, per hemodynamic principles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Learning is achieved when Matuts exercises and diets (A), showing behavior change, per Bloom's psychomotor domain. Repeating steps (B) is recall, not application. 'I understand' (C) lacks evidence, quiz score (D) tests knowledge, not action. A proves application, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dorothy Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory defines nursing as a profession that assists individuals who cannot fully care for themselves due to dependency or lack of support. Developed in the 1950s, her theory posits that people naturally perform self-care activities like eating or hygiene to sustain life and well-being. When illness, injury, or absence of caregivers creates a deficit, nurses step in to help, either fully (e.g., feeding a paralyzed patient) or partially (e.g., teaching insulin administration). Unlike Henderson, who focused on universal needs, Orem emphasized self-care agency. Swanson's caring processes and Neuman's stressor management differ in focus neither frame nursing as primarily assistive in dependency. Orem's model guides nurses to assess deficits (e.g., a stroke patient's mobility) and intervene (e.g., physical therapy), aiming to restore independence or compensate permanently, a practical approach still used in rehabilitation and chronic care settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Health equity aims for fair access (A), reduces disparities (B), involves policy (D) 'ignores social factors' (C) isn't true, addresses them, per WHO. C's neglect fails, making it untrue.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Educating a client on meditation for anxiety relief involves practical, evidence-supported advice to ensure success and wellness. Suggesting a consistent place creates a calm, familiar setting, enhancing focus and relaxation, key to reducing stress. Silencing devices eliminates distractions, fostering mindfulness, a core meditation benefit shown to lower cortisol levels. Scheduling intentionally builds a routine, reinforcing habit formation studies link regularity to sustained anxiety reduction. Advising intentional breathing quiets the mind, amplifying calm, unlike lying down, which risks sleep over meditation's goal of alert relaxation. These tips align with nursing's wellness promotion, empowering the client with actionable steps to manage anxiety effectively, integrating mind-body balance into daily life for lasting health benefits.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Healthy People 2030 aims to improve health across the U.S. by setting clear, actionable goals. The nurse should explain that a key focus is to eliminate health disparities, ensuring equitable care for all groups regardless of race, income, or location addressing gaps like higher diabetes rates in underserved communities. Increasing access to preventive services, such as vaccinations or screenings, supports early intervention, reducing disease burden. Promoting healthy behaviors, like exercise or quitting smoking, empowers individuals to take charge of their wellness, preventing chronic conditions. While more providers could help, it's not a core goal focus is on system-wide equity and prevention. This initiative guides nursing to advocate for fairness, educate on lifestyle, and link clients to services, tackling root causes of poor health outcomes. For example, reducing disparities might mean better prenatal care access for rural women, aligning with nursing's mission to uplift vulnerable populations through targeted, evidence-based strategies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Good Samaritan law protects emergency aid (A), applies in/out hospitals (C), doesn't cover gross negligence (D) 'stay until help' (B) isn't true, no such mandate. B's requirement misaligns, making it untrue.