ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following does not involve a bacterial exotoxin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exotoxins are potent proteins secreted by bacteria, driving diseases like diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), where toxin inhibits protein synthesis; whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis), with pertussis toxin disrupting cell signaling; and scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes), via erythrogenic toxins causing rash. Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, lacks a classic exotoxin instead, its intracellular survival and lipopolysaccharide-like effects drive symptoms like fever and pneumonia. Unlike exotoxin-mediated diseases, Q fever's pathology stems from replication within host cells, not secreted toxins. This distinction matters in treatment: antitoxins target exotoxins, but Q fever relies on antibiotics like doxycycline, highlighting diverse bacterial virulence strategies in respiratory infections.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is providing a 68-year-old client with health promotion activities. Which vaccine will the nurse recommend for the prevention of bacterial pneumonia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pneumococcal vaccine (D) prevents bacterial pneumonia, targeting Streptococcus pneumoniae, per CDC for ages 65+. Meningococcal vaccine (A) prevents meningitis, not pneumonia. Flu vaccine (B) reduces viral pneumonia risk but not bacterial directly. TDAP (C) addresses pertussis, not S. pneumoniae. The document's answer (D) fits PCV13/PCV15 protects against 70% of invasive pneumococcal disease in the elderly, unlike A's focus or B's indirect effect.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care to help decrease the client's metabolic demands?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent, small meals (B) decrease metabolic demand in Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia small portions (e.g., 200 kcal) reduce Oâ‚‚ use versus large meals (500 kcal). Active ROM (A) increases demand. Family support (C) aids stress, not metabolism directly. Splinting (D) eases cough, not demand. The implied answer (B) aligns P. jiroveci's hypoxia (PaOâ‚‚ <70 mmHg) taxes reserves, and B conserves energy, distinguishing it from A's exertion.
Question 4 of 5
Which one of the following statements is false about the trachea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The trachea's false statement is 'it is covered by epiglottis.' The epiglottis, a laryngeal flap, covers the glottis during swallowing to prevent food entry, not the trachea itself it sits above. The trachea has C-shaped cartilage rings for structural support, keeping it open, true. It splits into right and left bronchi, not lungs directly, but this is anatomically accurate enough. 'None' is incorrect one is false. The trachea conducts air to the bronchi, lined with cilia and mucus, and its independence from epiglottal coverage ensures unobstructed airflow, a key anatomical fact for airway management and respiratory function.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The mediastinum is the anatomical region between the lungs, stretching from the sternum to the vertebral column and first rib to diaphragm, containing the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major vessels. The epicardium is the heart's outer layer, not a region. The abdominal cavity lies below the diaphragm, unrelated. The pericardium encases the heart within the mediastinum, not the broader space. This central compartment's role in housing vital structures makes it a critical anatomical landmark, key in thoracic surgery and understanding mediastinal pathology like tumors or infections.