ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following does not increase the risk of developing endometrial carcinoma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity, unopposed estrogen (e.g., from hormone replacement therapy without progesterone), and anovulation increase endometrial carcinoma risk by elevating estrogen levels. Veganism does not inherently affect estrogen levels or endometrial cancer risk, making it the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
26-year-old man is found to have IgA nephropathy on a renal biopsy performed for intermittent hematuria and persistent proteinuria(UPC 1.8). His serum creatinine is 1.2 mg/dl. UPC declines to 1.5 and the serum creatinine increases to 1.3 mg/dl after 3 months of lisinopril 10 mg/d. The urinary Na excretion is 180 mmol/d. Which ONE of the following should be done next?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High sodium intake can reduce the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril. A low-sodium diet will enhance the drug's efficacy thus reducing proteinuria and protecting renal function.
Question 3 of 5
75-y male presents with a fifteen-pound weight loss over the last 3 months. He denies fever, chills, or night sweats. Travel history is negative. Prior occupation significant for many years of mining. Medical history otherwise unremarkable. VS stable. Physical exam is normal with the exception of decreased breath sounds bilaterally. CT chest one year ago showed upper lobe scarring and nodularity along with eggshell calcifications in the hilar region. Tuberculin skin testing performed 6 months ago was negative. What is the most appropriate next step?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight loss and mining history (silicosis risk) with prior CT findings (eggshell calcifications) raise concern for progressive disease, possibly malignancy. A repeat CT chest is the best next step to assess interval change, per occupational lung disease workup.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure is most often associated with left-ventricular infarction and systemic hypertension. The ineffective pumping of the left ventricle results in an accumulation of blood within the pulmonary circulation. As a result, pulmonary congestion with dyspnea is an expected finding. Jugular vein distention is more often associated with right-sided failure. Peripheral edema is associated with right-sided failure. Hepatomegaly is not seen in pure left-sided edema.
Question 5 of 5
A 74 year old female presents to the ER with complaints of dyspnea, persistent cough, and unable to sleep at night due to difficulty breathing. On assessment, you note crackles throughout the lung fields, respiratory rate of 25, and an oxygen saturation of 90% on room air. Which of the following lab results confirms your suspicions of heart failure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) of 820 is elevated, confirming heart failure as it indicates cardiac stress and fluid overload, aligning with the symptoms described.