Which of the following DOES NOT decrease lung compliance?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: advancing age increases compliance (loss of elastic recoil, e.g., emphysema-like), not decreases. Choice A (LV failure) reduces it via edema (stiffer lungs). Choice B (atelectasis) decreases via collapse. Choice C (fibrosis) lowers it (scarring). Choice E (raised PCWP) mimics edema. Aging weakens lung elastin, raising compliance (e.g., 250 vs. 200 mL/cm Hâ‚‚O), distinguishing D as the exception.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Congestive heart failure (CHF) increases an adult's risk of acquiring the flu if exposed because it compromises cardiovascular and respiratory function, weakening the body's ability to resist infection. CHF reduces oxygen circulation, impairing immune responses, and fluid buildup in the lungs creates a fertile ground for viral replication and complications like pneumonia. Gallbladder disease and recent cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) don't directly affect immunity or respiratory health, so they pose minimal flu risk. Deep vein thrombosis impacts blood clotting, not infection susceptibility. Adults with CHF, especially older ones, are more vulnerable to severe flu outcomes due to their chronic condition taxing the body's reserves. The nurse identifies CHF as the key risk factor, as it aligns with evidence linking cardiopulmonary conditions to higher flu morbidity, necessitating preventive measures like vaccination.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For 65-year-old Harold Jackson, the nurse teaches that the injectable flu vaccine might be less effective due to age-related immune decline, increasing his risk a key point to encourage vaccination despite this. Past influenza A (2009) doesn't guarantee immunity strains change yearly, and antibodies wane, so prior infection isn't protective now. The intranasal spray, a live vaccine, is contraindicated for those over 50 due to safety and efficacy concerns. Living at home versus a facility lowers exposure but not inherent risk flu circulates everywhere. The nurse emphasizes vaccination's role, even if less potent in seniors, as it still reduces severity and complications like pneumonia, critical for his age group, aligning with CDC recommendations for annual shots to mitigate flu's impact on older adults.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a client with influenza, the nurse recommends resting in bed and drinking plenty of fluids to speed recovery. Rest conserves energy, letting the immune system combat the virus efficiently, while fluids prevent dehydration from fever and thin mucus, easing airway clearance core self-care for this viral illness. Acetaminophen reduces fever and aches, improving comfort but not hastening recovery itself. Antibiotics treat bacteria, not viruses, so they're irrelevant unless a secondary infection emerges, needing medical assessment. Zinc lozenges lack robust evidence for shortening flu duration and aren't standard care. The nurse prioritizes rest and hydration as proven, accessible measures, per CDC guidelines, supporting the body's natural healing without unnecessary drugs, ensuring the client recovers optimally from uncomplicated flu.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Long-standing pulmonary edema causes brown induration (B), but it predisposes to infection, not protects, due to hemosiderin-laden macrophages (Page 715). Choice A is false; microvascular injury (e.g., ARDS) damages capillaries, not hydrostatic pressure (that's heart failure). Choice C is incorrect; left heart failure increases capillary hydrostatic pressure, not plasma oncotic pressure (which reduces edema). Choice D is wrong; pneumonia's edema is localized, and death stems from sepsis/infection, not diffuse edema. Brown induration reflects chronic hemorrhage, impairing clearance and increasing infection risk (e.g., pneumonia), making B's 'protective' claim false while aligning with its morphological outcome.