Which of the following diseases is targeted for eradication through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Poliomyelitis. The EPI targets diseases for eradication through vaccination programs. Polio is a priority due to its devastating effects and the effectiveness of the polio vaccine. Hepatitis B (A) is not currently targeted for eradication. Diphtheria (B) and Tuberculosis (D) are controlled through vaccination and treatment but are not targeted for global eradication efforts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reduces the risk of severe measles. Vitamin A helps strengthen the immune system, reducing the severity of infections like measles. Providing supplements can prevent complications and reduce mortality rates. A, C, and D are incorrect as Vitamin A specifically targets measles prevention, not cognitive development, anemia prevention, or physical growth. Measles is a major concern in children, and Vitamin A supplementation significantly benefits their health by reducing measles-related complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children aged 1-4 years. This age group is most vulnerable to PEM due to their rapid growth and development, high energy requirements, and dependency on caregivers for nutrition. Infants below 6 months are typically protected by breast milk, adolescents have lower risk due to fewer growth demands, and elderly are more at risk for other types of malnutrition. Therefore, children aged 1-4 years are the most vulnerable to PEM.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns is to prevent bleeding disorders. Vitamin K is essential for the production of blood clotting factors, which helps prevent excessive bleeding. Newborns are born with low levels of Vitamin K, putting them at risk for bleeding disorders like vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Administering Vitamin K at birth helps ensure proper blood clotting function. The other choices are incorrect because Vitamin K does not directly prevent infection, promote growth, or enhance immune function in newborns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus. MMR vaccine is made from weakened live viruses of measles, mumps, and rubella. When administered, the body develops an immune response without causing the disease. Choice A, Hepatitis B vaccine, is a subunit vaccine. Choice B, Inactivated polio vaccine, is a killed virus vaccine. Choice D, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine, is a toxoid vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines provide stronger and longer-lasting immunity as they mimic natural infection without causing illness.