Which of the following diseases is prevented by administration of the Hepatitis B vaccine?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver cancer. The Hepatitis B vaccine prevents Hepatitis B infection, which is a major cause of chronic liver disease and can lead to liver cancer. Jaundice (choice A) is a symptom of Hepatitis B infection, not a disease prevented by the vaccine. Pneumonia (choice C) and Tuberculosis (choice D) are both respiratory infections and are not prevented by the Hepatitis B vaccine. The key is to understand the specific disease targeted by the vaccine and its related health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct interval between tetanus toxoid doses for pregnant women is 4 weeks. This short interval ensures optimal immunity for both the mother and the baby against tetanus. Giving the dose every 4 weeks during pregnancy helps maintain the protective levels of antibodies. Waiting longer intervals could decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine and leave the mother and baby vulnerable to tetanus infection. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because longer intervals between doses may not provide adequate protection and could compromise immunity levels during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Iron supplementation is given to pregnant women to prevent anemia. During pregnancy, iron requirements increase to support the growing fetus and maternal blood volume expansion. Anemia in pregnancy can lead to complications such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and maternal fatigue. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the tissues. Therefore, ensuring adequate iron levels helps prevent anemia and supports the health of both the mother and the baby. Summary: - A: Correct. Prevents anemia by supporting hemoglobin production. - B: Incorrect. Fetal growth is influenced by various factors, not just iron. - C: Incorrect. Premature labor is not directly prevented by iron supplementation. - D: Incorrect. Postpartum hemorrhage is more related to factors like uterine atony, not iron levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct injection site for administering the DPT vaccine to an infant is the vastus lateralis muscle. This site is preferred for infants and young children because it has a larger muscle mass, reducing the risk of hitting a nerve or bone. The vastus lateralis muscle is located on the thigh, making it easily accessible and safe for injecting vaccines. It is recommended by healthcare professionals for infants due to better absorption and reduced discomfort. In contrast, the deltoid muscle is more suitable for adults, the gluteal muscle carries a risk of hitting the sciatic nerve, and the forearm lacks sufficient muscle mass for injection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (4 weeks) for the minimum interval between two doses of the MMR vaccine. This interval is necessary for the body to develop a strong immune response to the vaccine components. Waiting at least 4 weeks allows the immune system to properly process and respond to the initial dose before receiving the second dose. Administering the second dose too soon may result in a weaker immune response and decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not in line with the recommended minimum interval for effective vaccination.