ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following diseases is not associated with coronavirus infections?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coronaviruses cause Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and some common colds, targeting respiratory tissues with symptoms from mild to severe. German measles (rubella), however, is caused by rubella virus, a togavirus, not a coronavirus it presents with rash and fever, not primarily respiratory distress, and affects fetuses via congenital transmission. This distinction is critical: coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 involve droplet spread and lung involvement, while rubella's vaccine (MMR) targets a different pathogen. Recognizing rubella's unrelated etiology avoids misclassification, essential for diagnosis and public health strategies in respiratory versus systemic viral diseases.
Question 2 of 5
Which instruction should the nurse provide to a client who has pneumonia and is being discharged for home care? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid intake (A), avoiding smoke (B), and rest (C) aid pneumonia recovery per the document (A, B, C). A thins mucus (2-3 L/day). B prevents ciliary damage. C reduces Oâ‚‚ demand. Disinfecting (D) is less relevant post-discharge; masks are situational. A's priority hydration eases expectoration of consolidated sputum (e.g., 50-100 mL), distinguishing it as the key instruction.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following functions by filtering and keeping the mucus and dirt away from our lungs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cilia, hair-like structures on respiratory epithelial cells, filter mucus and dirt from the lungs via the mucociliary escalator. They beat rhythmically to sweep trapped particles upward to the pharynx for swallowing or expulsion, protecting deeper airways. Bronchioles, small air passages, lack cilia's filtering role they conduct air. 'Hairs in the lungs' misrepresents nasal hairs, which filter larger particles upstream, not in the lungs. 'All' is inaccurate cilia alone perform this task in the lower tract. This mechanism is crucial for lung defense, impaired in conditions like cystic fibrosis, highlighting cilia's role in respiratory health.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements is true about the entry of air into the lungs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Air enters the lungs via the mouth and nose, passing through the pharynx, larynx, trachea (windpipe), and bronchi. The esophagus and gullet handle food, not air confusing them with airways is anatomically incorrect. 'Windpipe and pores' misrepresents skin's role; respiration isn't cutaneous in humans. The nervous system controls breathing, not air entry. This oral-nasal pathway filters and conditions air, a basic respiratory process, ensuring lung protection and efficient gas exchange, a fundamental concept in airway anatomy and clinical airway management.
Question 5 of 5
Identify the muscular ridges that are found on the anterior wall of the right atrium and extend into the auricles.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pectinate muscles, muscular ridges on the right atrium's anterior wall and auricles, enhance atrial contraction and surface area, aiding blood flow to the ventricle. Trabeculae carneae are ventricular ridges, not atrial. Coronary sulci are external grooves, not muscles. Papillary muscles anchor valves in ventricles, not atria. Named for their comb-like appearance, pectinate muscles distinguish the right atrium from the smoother left, a structural feature boosting atrial efficiency, key in understanding chamber-specific anatomy and atrial function in the cardiac cycle.