ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following diseases are termed blue bloaters and pink puffers respectively?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (D) are blue bloaters' and pink puffers' . Bronchitis cyanosis and emphysema's hyperventilation differ. Asthma (A) reverses. Bronchiectasis (C) lacks this. D's pairing unlike A's mismatch fits, per document.
Question 2 of 5
Compared to a normal individual, a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, one of the following is expected to be more than normal?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) raises pulmonary vascular resistance (B) via alveolar scarring. TLC (A) drops (~4 L vs. 6 L) due to restriction. FEV1 (C) decreases, but FEV1/FVC stays normal (Q1). PaO2 (D) falls (~60 mmHg) from diffusion impairment. B's increase capillary compression, hypoxic vasoconstriction strains the right heart (Q10), unlike A's or C's restrictive decline, per IPF pathology.
Question 3 of 5
Fick's law depend on multiple factors, which one of them will have the most effect when observing the diffusion of different gases?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fick's law (diffusion rate = D × A × ΔP / d) ranks diffusion coefficient (D) highest for different gases (D) . D reflects gas solubility and molecular weight (Graham's law: D ∠1/√MW). CO2's D (0.57) exceeds O2's (0.024) 20-fold, despite O2's steeper gradient (A, ~60 mmHg vs. CO2's 6 mmHg). Distance (C, 0.2 μm) and area (A, 70 m^2) are constant; temperature (B) is stable (37°C). D's gas-specificity unlike A's universal drive dominates diffusion variance, per physiology (Q44).
Question 4 of 5
Which person would be expected to have the largest PAO2-PaO2 gradient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis (B) maximizes PAO2-PaO2 gradient. Normal PAO2 ~100 mmHg, PaO2 ~95 mmHg (gradient ~5 mmHg); exercise (A) narrows it (perfusion rises). Fibrosis thickens diffusion barrier (0.2 to 1 μm), dropping PaO2 (~60 mmHg, Q10), widening gradient (~40 mmHg). Anemia (C) lowers O2 content, not gradient. Altitude (D) cuts both PAO2 and PaO2 (~60 mmHg), gradient ~5-10 mmHg. B's diffusion limit unlike A's efficiency drives the largest gap, per physiology (Q55).
Question 5 of 5
All of the following lab-values are consistent with Pulmonary fibrosis except?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis doesn't increase RV. RV drops (~1 L vs. 1.2 L) due to restriction (Q13). FEV1/FVC is normal/high (A, > 80%, Q1), vascular resistance rises (B, Q10), and peak flow may hold (C) if volume-corrected. Fibrosis stiffens lungs (compliance < 0.1 L/cm H2O), shrinking TLC (< 6 L), not trapping air. D's increase unlike A's ratio opposes restrictive physiology (Q71).