ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following diets would be most helpful to a patient with gout?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low-fat dairy reduces uric acid levels and is recommended for gout management, unlike high-purine diets like Atkins.
Question 2 of 5
A colleague's wife presents to your office, ill appearing, w/ severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Dietary hx is not helpful. What should NOT be offered?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Empiric quinolones should not be offered without confirming the diagnosis as inappropriate antibiotic use can worsen outcomes like in Clostridioides difficile infections.
Question 3 of 5
26-year-old man is found to have IgA nephropathy on a renal biopsy performed for intermittent hematuria and persistent proteinuria(UPC 1.8). His serum creatinine is 1.2 mg/dl. UPC declines to 1.5 and the serum creatinine increases to 1.3 mg/dl after 3 months of lisinopril 10 mg/d. The urinary Na excretion is 180 mmol/d. Which ONE of the following should be done next?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High sodium intake can reduce the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril. A low-sodium diet will enhance the drug's efficacy thus reducing proteinuria and protecting renal function.
Question 4 of 5
75-y male presents with a fifteen-pound weight loss over the last 3 months. He denies fever, chills, or night sweats. Travel history is negative. Prior occupation significant for many years of mining. Medical history otherwise unremarkable. VS stable. Physical exam is normal with the exception of decreased breath sounds bilaterally. CT chest one year ago showed upper lobe scarring and nodularity along with eggshell calcifications in the hilar region. Tuberculin skin testing performed 6 months ago was negative. What is the most appropriate next step?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight loss and mining history (silicosis risk) with prior CT findings (eggshell calcifications) raise concern for progressive disease, possibly malignancy. A repeat CT chest is the best next step to assess interval change, per occupational lung disease workup.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure is most often associated with left-ventricular infarction and systemic hypertension. The ineffective pumping of the left ventricle results in an accumulation of blood within the pulmonary circulation. As a result, pulmonary congestion with dyspnea is an expected finding. Jugular vein distention is more often associated with right-sided failure. Peripheral edema is associated with right-sided failure. Hepatomegaly is not seen in pure left-sided edema.