Which of the following data is considered as a SUBJECTIVE data?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Subjective data, per nursing assessment, is patient-reported e.g., anxiety as a felt emotion. Dizziness and chest pain can be observed or measured (vitals), while blue nails are visible (objective). Anxiety's internal nature makes it subjective, guiding nurses to probe feelings for comprehensive care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abdominal assessment follows inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation e.g., look, listen (bowel sounds), tap, feel to avoid altering sounds via palpation first. Other sequences disrupt this. Nurses adhere e.g., pre-surgery checks for accurate findings, per physical exam standards.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Betty Neuman's Health Care System Model (1970s) focuses on managing stressors intrapersonal (emotions), interpersonal (relationships), extrapersonal (finances) via prevention levels. For instance, primary prevention educates a hypertensive patient. Henderson aids needs, Orem self-care, and Parse becoming, but Neuman's stressor-centric system promotes stability, widely used in stress-related care like mental health or chronic illness management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model (1970s) views humans as biopsychosocial-spiritual beings. Socially, individuals share traits with some e.g., community ties but differ psychologically (unique thoughts). Biologically (physiology) and spiritually (faith capacity), they're alike. This nuance guides nurses to adapt care e.g., social support for loneliness enhancing patient-specific interventions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nursing process assessment to evaluation is dynamic (adaptive), cyclical (ongoing), and universal (global) e.g., used worldwide. Intrapersonal (within one) doesn't apply; it's interpersonal (nurse-patient). This flexibility ensures tailored care, per standardized practice frameworks.