Which of the following connective tissue cell types is not typical of lamina propria?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: adipocyte. Adipocytes are not typical of lamina propria, which is a loose connective tissue found in mucous membranes. Adipocytes are fat cells, primarily found in adipose tissue, not in the lamina propria. Lymphocytes (A), fibroblasts (B), and macrophages (C) are all commonly found in the lamina propria. Lymphocytes are involved in the immune response, fibroblasts produce collagen and extracellular matrix, and macrophages are phagocytic cells that help in defense and tissue repair. In summary, adipocytes do not belong in the lamina propria as they are not typical connective tissue cells found in this specific tissue layer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a hepatic cord refers to a row of adjacent hepatocytes within a liver lobule, which are the functional units of the liver responsible for various metabolic functions. This structure is essential for liver function and is where processes like detoxification and metabolism occur. Choice A is incorrect because a hepatic cord is not another name for a branch of the portal vein. Choice B is incorrect because the tough connective tissue surrounding a portal triad is known as Glisson's capsule, not a hepatic cord. Choice D is incorrect as a hepatic cord is not a branch of the bile duct. Overall, understanding the anatomical structure and function of the liver is crucial in determining the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver sinusoids. They play a crucial role in immune responses and detoxification. The correct answer is D (macrophages) because Kupffer cells share similar functions, morphology, and origin with macrophages, both being phagocytic cells derived from monocytes. Lymphocytes (A) are a type of white blood cell involved in adaptive immune responses, hepatocytes (B) are liver parenchymal cells responsible for various metabolic functions, and neutrophils (C) are another type of white blood cell primarily involved in innate immune responses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: vitamin A. Fat-storing stellate cells, also known as Ito cells, are specialized cells found in the liver's space of Disse. These cells are primarily responsible for storing vitamin A. Vitamin A is crucial for various functions in the body, such as vision, immune function, and cell growth. Storing excess vitamin A in the liver helps maintain a steady supply for when needed. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Glycogen is stored in hepatocytes, not in fat-storing stellate cells. B: Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver, not in fat-storing stellate cells. C: Albumin is a protein synthesized by the liver but is not stored in fat-storing stellate cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Magnesium Hydroxide (Maalox), as it is an antacid that works by neutralizing stomach acid. Omeprazole (A) is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces acid production, not neutralizes it. Metoclopramide (B) is a prokinetic agent used for gastrointestinal motility disorders. Cimetidine (C) is an H2 receptor antagonist that decreases stomach acid production but doesn't directly neutralize acid like an antacid. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it directly acts to neutralize stomach acid.