Which of the following cervical vertebra does not have a spinous process?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates testosterone production in testicular Leydig cells. 'Luteinising hormone,' is correct, per endocrinology texts like Guyton, driving male reproductive function. 'Follicle stimulating hormone,' targets spermatogenesis. 'Prolactin,' affects lactation, not testosterone. 'Oxytocin,' aids labor, not hormone secretion. LH's specific role in testosterone synthesis makes B the accurate answer, key to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carbohydrates are the primary energy source, broken down into glucose for ATP production. 'Carbohydrates,' is correct, per biochemistry (e.g., Lehninger), yielding 4 kcal/g. 'Proteins,' are structural, used for energy secondarily. 'Vitamins,' and 'Minerals,' regulate processes, not energy suppliers. Carbohydrates' role as the body's main fuel, especially for brain and muscles, makes B the precise answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Amylase (salivary amylase or ptyalin) begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth, breaking starches into maltose. 'Amylase,' is correct, per biochemistry (e.g., Lehninger). 'Lipase,' digests fats, mainly in the intestine. 'Protease,' targets proteins. 'Pepsin,' is gastric, for proteins. Amylase's oral action makes B the precise answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.