ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following blood vessel is used to distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The coronary arteries distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium, branching from the aorta's base to supply cardiac muscle, ensuring its high metabolic demand is met. Coronary veins and the sinus drain deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium, not supply it. The vena cava delivers systemic deoxygenated blood, not to the heart muscle. These arteries left and right encircle the heart, a lifeline for its function, critical in coronary artery disease where blockages starve myocardium, leading to ischemia or infarction.
Question 2 of 5
In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A well-trained athlete has higher cardiac reserve (max CO increase), stroke volume (more blood per beat), and heart hypertrophy (thicker myocardium) due to endurance training, enhancing efficiency. Resting cardiac output (~5 L/min) remains similar to sedentary individuals athletes' lower resting heart rate (bradycardia, e.g., 40-60 bpm) offsets higher SV, balancing CO. Higher resting CO isn't typical; demand matches supply. This adaptation optimizes performance, key in sports physiology and assessing training effects.
Question 3 of 5
The valve that guards the left atrioventricular orifice is called the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left atrioventricular valve is called both bicuspid (two cusps) and mitral (mitre-shaped), guarding the left atrium-ventricle junction, preventing backflow. Tricuspid is right-sided. This dual naming reflects its structure and role, key in mitral pathology like prolapse, a synonymous valve identity in heart flow.
Question 4 of 5
The lungs are covered by a two-layer membrane called the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pleura (A) is the two-layer membrane (visceral/parietal) covering the lungs, per the key reducing friction (15 mL fluid). The diaphragm (B) is a muscle, not a covering. The respiratory membrane (C) is the alveolar-capillary interface (0.2 μm). Intercostal muscles (D) aid breathing, not encasing lungs. Pleura's serous layers (5-10 μm thick) allow 6-8 L/min expansion, per anatomy unlike B's contraction, C's diffusion role, or D's support, A's protective sheath is the lung's hallmark.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse assisting the client with obstructive pulmonary disease would use which of the following statements to explain why dyspnea occurs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Your airways open wider on inspiration, and trap air on expiration' (C) explains COPD dyspnea, per document (3). Emphysema's elasticity loss (elastase > AAT) and chronic bronchitis's mucus narrow airways, trapping air (RV >150%), reducing tidal volume (Vt <400 mL). Surfactant (A) is ARDS, not COPD. Difficulty inhaling (B) is vague. Compliance drop (D) fits fibrosis. C's air trapping FEVâ‚/FVC <70% drives dyspnea, unlike A's irrelevance.