Which of the following best describes the Coriolis effect?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Coriolis effect is an apparent deflection of moving objects (e.g., air, water) due to Earth's rotation, not a true force but an inertial effect in a rotating frame. In the Northern Hemisphere, it deflects right; Southern, left proportional to velocity and latitude (2ωv sinφ). Gravity drives weight, not deflection false. Pressure gradients from solar heating drive winds, not Coriolis false. Friction (e.g., surface drag) opposes motion, not deflects false. Coriolis shapes weather patterns (e.g., cyclones), per geophysical fluid dynamics (e.g., Holton), making it the best description, distinct from physical forces or heating effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A needle at the 9th intercostal space, midaxillary, below the lung's lower border (C), affects pleura (D), diaphragm (A), or spleen (B), but not the lung. C is correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gastrulation, in the 3rd week (A), transforms the bilaminar embryo into trilaminar via epiblast migration (B), forming ectoderm, mesoderm (D, between ectoderm and endoderm), and endoderm. The primitive streak, however, appears in the epiblast (not hypoblast, C), initiating cell ingression. The hypoblast is displaced by endoderm and doesn't form the streak. C is false its misstatement of primitive streak location in the hypoblast, rather than epiblast, makes it the exception among accurate gastrulation facts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mesoderm forms blood vessels (A), dermis (B), and spleen (C), shaping connective and vascular tissues. The nervous system (D), including brain and spinal cord, derives from ectoderm via the neural tube. D is the exception its ectodermal origin contrasts with the mesodermal lineage of the others.