ATI LPN
Exam Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following are often associated with malignancy relating to a solitary pulmonary nodule:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Umbilication of a solitary pulmonary nodule's border (D) irregular, notched edge suggests malignancy (e.g., adenocarcinoma), reflecting aggressive growth. Dense (A), core (B), laminated (C), or flecked calcification often indicate benignity (e.g., granuloma, hamartoma) calcification patterns stabilize lesions. Malignant nodules lack uniform calcium, growing unevenly, key in CT analysis for biopsy decisions in chest oncology nursing.
Question 2 of 5
Match the following: 680. Methotrexate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Methotrexate, an antimetabolite, causes myelosuppression, hepatitis (A) folate inhibition suppresses marrow, damages liver (e.g., ALT >100 U/L). Protein defects (B) fit asparaginase. Neuropathy (C) is vincristine. Cystitis (D) is cytoxan. Psychosis is prednisone. Methotrexate's toxicity is key in nursing for leucovorin rescue and liver function tests.
Question 3 of 5
In idiopathic thrombocytopenia, the initial treatment should be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) immune platelet destruction starts with glucocorticoids (E e.g., prednisone 1 mg/kg), raising counts (e.g., >50,000/μL) by blocking phagocytosis. Transfusion (A) is for bleeding. Testosterone (B) is obsolete. Splenectomy (C) is second-line. 6-MP (D) is leukemia-related. Steroids' efficacy is key in nursing for rapid response and monitoring purpura.
Question 4 of 5
The main complication of acute leukemia are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute leukemia's main complications are infection and bleeding (D) marrow replacement by blasts (e.g., >20%) drops neutrophils (<500/μL) and platelets (<20,000/μL), risking sepsis and hemorrhage (e.g., CNS bleed). Seizures (A) or fractures (B) are secondary. Splenic rupture (C) is rare. None' dismisses. Infection and bleeding dominate, key in nursing for antibiotics, transfusions, and isolation.
Question 5 of 5
Anemia with persistent reticulocytosis and nucleated red cells in the peripheral blood in the absence of blood loss should make one suspicious of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Persistent reticulocytosis (e.g., >2%) and nucleated RBCs without bleeding suggest hemolytic anemia (C) RBC destruction (e.g., sickle cell, Hb <10 g/dL) drives marrow response. Folate deficiency (A) is macrocytic, not nucleated. Chronic anemia (B) lacks reticulocytosis. Marrow failure (D) reduces output. All' overstates. Hemolysis's compensatory erythropoiesis is key, guiding nursing for haptoglobin and LDH checks.