ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following are air pollutants:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All (D) sulfur dioxide (A), ozone (B), carbon monoxide (C) are air pollutants. SOâ‚‚ from fossil fuels irritates airways, linked to bronchitis. Ozone, from photochemical smog, damages alveoli, worsening asthma. CO binds hemoglobin, causing hypoxia, not a direct lung irritant but systemic. Each contributes to respiratory morbidity e.g., COPD exacerbations key in environmental health nursing for patient education on exposure reduction.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has hypochromic microcytic red blood cells with some target cells. The spleen is somewhat enlarged. The reticulocyte count is 9%. The following procedure is most likely give the definitive diagnosis:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypochromic microcytic RBCs, target cells, splenomegaly, and 9% reticulocytes suggest thalassemia hemoglobin electrophoresis (C) confirms (e.g., HbAâ‚‚ >3.5%). Serum iron (A) differentiates iron deficiency (normal here). Marrow exam (B) shows erythroid hyperplasia, not specific. Fragility (D) fits spherocytosis. Serum electrophoresis is proteins, not Hb. Electrophoresis pinpoints Hb variants, key in nursing for genetic diagnosis and family screening.
Question 3 of 5
Pernicious anemia is associated with all of the following, except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pernicious anemia lacks normal intrinsic factor (B) autoimmune gastric atrophy blocks IF, causing B12 deficiency (D), yielding macrocytic anemia (E MCV >100 fL), sore tongue (A glossitis), and neuropathy (C subacute combined degeneration). B's normality negates the disease, key in nursing for Schilling test and B12 injections.
Question 4 of 5
The cell in the body most sensitive to radiation is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymphocytes (D) are most radiation-sensitive rapidly dividing, they die at low doses (e.g., 1-2 Gy), dropping counts within days (e.g., <1000/μL). Erythrocytes (A) lack nuclei, resisting damage. Basophils (B), eosinophils (C), and granulocytes (E neutrophils) tolerate higher doses, declining later. Lymphocytes' vulnerability reflects marrow suppression, key in nursing for radiation exposure monitoring and infection prophylaxis.
Question 5 of 5
Secondary polycythemia is seen in all of the following, except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary polycythemia hypoxia-driven RBC rise occurs in hypernephroma (A erythropoietin), emphysema (C low Oâ‚‚), AV aneurysms (D shunting), and cyanotic heart disease (E chronic hypoxia), but not peptic ulcer (B) GI bleeding causes anemia, not polycythemia. Hypoxia's erythropoietic trigger is key, guiding nursing for underlying cause workup.