Which of the dimensions is about 1-2 millimeters?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The thickness of the stomach wall (all layers) is about 1-2 millimeters. This includes the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers, which together make up the entire thickness of the stomach wall. The other choices are incorrect because: B. The thickness of the gastric mucosa is much thinner than 1-2 millimeters. C. The height of the stomach's surface epithelial cells is a microscopic measurement, not in the millimeter range. D. The diameter of a parietal cell is also a microscopic measurement, not in the millimeter range. Therefore, the correct answer is A based on the actual dimensions of the structures mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: absorbing nutrients. Enterocytes in the small intestine are primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food. They have specialized structures like microvilli to increase surface area for absorption. Choice A is incorrect because enterocytes do not secrete digestive enzymes; that is done by other cells in the small intestine. Choice B is incorrect because hormone secretion is mainly done by endocrine cells in the intestine. Choice C is incorrect because goblet cells are responsible for secreting mucus in the intestine, not enterocytes. In summary, enterocytes' main function is to absorb nutrients, not secrete enzymes, hormones, or mucus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: adipocyte. Adipocytes are not typical of lamina propria, which is a loose connective tissue found in mucous membranes. Adipocytes are fat cells, primarily found in adipose tissue, not in the lamina propria. Lymphocytes (A), fibroblasts (B), and macrophages (C) are all commonly found in the lamina propria. Lymphocytes are involved in the immune response, fibroblasts produce collagen and extracellular matrix, and macrophages are phagocytic cells that help in defense and tissue repair. In summary, adipocytes do not belong in the lamina propria as they are not typical connective tissue cells found in this specific tissue layer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The intensely basophilic bodies in the epithelial lining of intestinal crypts represent condensed chromatin of mitotic figures. This is because during mitosis, chromatin condenses into visible bodies which are basophilic due to their high DNA content. These bodies are typically located towards the apical end of columnar cells where active cell division occurs. Explanation for the other choices: A: Mucus vesicles are typically seen as clear, not basophilic, in histological sections. B: Ribosomes are not typically visible as distinct bodies in H&E stained sections and are not basophilic. C: Chylomicrons are lipid droplets and are not basophilic bodies found in the epithelial lining.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a hepatic cord refers to a row of adjacent hepatocytes within a liver lobule, which are the functional units of the liver responsible for various metabolic functions. This structure is essential for liver function and is where processes like detoxification and metabolism occur. Choice A is incorrect because a hepatic cord is not another name for a branch of the portal vein. Choice B is incorrect because the tough connective tissue surrounding a portal triad is known as Glisson's capsule, not a hepatic cord. Choice D is incorrect as a hepatic cord is not a branch of the bile duct. Overall, understanding the anatomical structure and function of the liver is crucial in determining the correct answer.