Which nutrient is known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects when taken by pregnant women?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for fetal development, especially in preventing neural tube defects. It aids in the formation of the neural tube, which develops into the baby's brain and spinal cord. Pregnant women are advised to take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of these defects. Rationale for other choices: A: Vitamin C - While important for overall health, Vitamin C does not specifically reduce the risk of neural tube defects. B: Vitamin D - Important for bone health, but not directly linked to reducing neural tube defects. D: Iron - Necessary for preventing anemia during pregnancy, but not specifically known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Focusing solely on curative care. The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program aims to prevent illness and promote health in pregnant women, mothers, infants, and children. Focusing solely on curative care does not align with the preventive and promotive goals of the MCH program. Reducing infant mortality, improving maternal health, and providing family planning services are integral components of the MCH program that aim to enhance the overall well-being of mothers and children. By emphasizing prevention and health promotion, the MCH program aims to address the root causes of health issues rather than solely focusing on treating illnesses after they occur.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination. Preventive measures aim to prevent diseases before they occur. Vaccination helps the immune system recognize and fight specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and disease transmission. Chemotherapy (A) is a treatment for cancer, not prevention. Radiation therapy (C) and surgical intervention (D) are also treatments rather than preventive measures. Vaccination stands out as the only option that directly addresses disease prevention, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community participation. This is a key principle of Primary Health Care (PHC) as it emphasizes involving communities in decision-making, planning, and implementation of healthcare services. Community participation ensures that healthcare services are culturally appropriate, accessible, and meet the specific needs of the population. It also promotes empowerment and ownership of health initiatives within the community. Centralized health planning (A) goes against the decentralized and community-focused approach of PHC. Focus on specialized care (C) contradicts the comprehensive and holistic nature of PHC. High technology healthcare (D) may not always be feasible or accessible in resource-limited settings, which is a key consideration in PHC implementation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Exclusive breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for the first 6 months of a baby's life as breast milk contains all necessary nutrients. This is crucial for infant growth and development. It is recommended by health organizations worldwide. Other choices are incorrect: A is not directly related to breastfeeding, B is false as breastfeeding actually helps reduce allergies, and D is not a primary benefit of exclusive breastfeeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Achieving a level of health that enables all people to lead economically productive lives. This is the main focus of WHO's Health For All strategy as it aims to ensure that individuals have good health to actively participate in society and the economy. Choice A is incorrect as the strategy doesn't necessarily focus on providing free healthcare to all individuals, but rather on improving overall health outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as simply building more hospitals and clinics does not address the holistic approach of the Health For All strategy. Choice D is incorrect as increasing the number of healthcare workers is important, but the main focus is on achieving better health outcomes for economic productivity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensuring skilled attendance at birth. This is a key component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative as it focuses on providing trained healthcare professionals during childbirth to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This ensures that complications during labor can be promptly identified and managed, improving outcomes for both mother and baby. A: Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is important for infant health but is not specifically a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative. B: Providing routine immunizations is crucial for child health but not directly related to maternal care during childbirth. D: Offering genetic counseling is valuable for families at risk of genetic disorders but is not a primary focus of the Safe Motherhood Initiative.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Poliomyelitis. The EPI targets diseases for eradication through vaccination programs. Polio is a priority due to its devastating effects and the effectiveness of the polio vaccine. Hepatitis B (A) is not currently targeted for eradication. Diphtheria (B) and Tuberculosis (D) are controlled through vaccination and treatment but are not targeted for global eradication efforts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering oral rehydration solution. This is the appropriate method for treating dehydration in infants because it helps replace lost fluids and electrolytes effectively. Oral rehydration solution contains the right balance of water, salts, and sugars needed to rehydrate the infant. It is safe and easy for infants to consume. Providing fruit juice (B) is not recommended as it may contain too much sugar and not enough electrolytes. Increasing milk intake (C) can worsen dehydration due to difficulty digesting milk during dehydration. Administering antibiotics (D) is not necessary for dehydration treatment as it does not address the primary issue of fluid and electrolyte loss.