Which nursing action should the nurse take first in order to assist a patient with newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertension in making needed dietary changes?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The initial nursing action should be assessment of the patient's baseline dietary intake through a thorough diet history. The other actions may be appropriate, but assessment of the patient's baseline should occur first.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Endothelin evokes positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the myocardium by acting directly on cardiac muscle cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac muscle fibres are smaller than skeletal muscle fibres.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Valves ensuring one-way blood flow are located between the atria and ventricles (atrioventricular valves) and between the ventricles and arteries (semilunar valves).