Which nursing action is most appropriate to minimize stress for a pediatric patient who will have a planned hospitalization for a tonsillectomy and his or her family?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A tour reduces stress by familiarizing the child and family with the environment, more effective than vague reassurances (A, C) or explanations alone .

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sunken eyes and fontanel (C) indicate fluid volume deficit in infants due to dehydration from fluid loss. Dehydration causes increased pulse (not decreased, A), decreased BP (not increased, B), and high specific gravity (not low, D). Document: 'Signs of fluid volume deficit… include sunken fontanels, increased pulse rate, and decreased blood pressure.'

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus presents with polyuria (A, excessive urination), polydipsia (B, thirst), and polyphagia (C, hunger) due to glucose imbalance. Polyalgia (D) is not a symptom. Document: 'Classic triad… polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria.'

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypothyroidism screening is mandatory at birth (B) in the U.S. via newborn screening to prevent developmental delays. Other timings (A, C, D) are incorrect. Document: 'A screening test for hypothyroidism is… performed at birth.'

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Black cohosh (C) reduces menopausal hot flashes by lowering luteinizing hormone. Primrose (A) aids skin, echinacea (B) immunity, and milk thistle (D) liver. Document: 'Black cohosh diminishes hot flashes… [and] other menopausal discomforts.'