ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which microbial virulence factor is most important for attachment to host respiratory tissues?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adhesins are proteins or structures on microbial surfaces that enable attachment to host respiratory tissues, a critical step in infection. They bind to specific receptors on epithelial cells, like those in the lungs or nasal passages, allowing pathogens to colonize and evade clearance. Lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial endotoxin, triggers inflammation but doesn't aid attachment. Hyaluronidase degrades host tissues for invasion, not initial adhesion. Capsules resist phagocytosis but primarily protect, not attach. Adhesins' specificity e.g., in Streptococcus pneumoniae or influenza virus makes them vital for establishing respiratory infections, initiating pathogenesis. This attachment precedes toxin release or tissue damage, underlining its importance in microbial strategies, a key focus in understanding respiratory disease mechanisms.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is instructing a group of college students about the signs and symptoms of 'walking pneumonia.' Which manifestation should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking pneumonia' (atypical, e.g., Mycoplasma) includes headache (B), fever, muscle aches, and joint pain per the document. Productive cough (A) is less common dry cough predominates. Headache (B) reflects systemic inflammation from mild infection, allowing ambulation. Fever (C) is low-grade, muscle aches (D) and joint pain mimic flu, per nursing texts. B's prominence in teaching aligns with atypical presentation subtle systemic signs distinguish it from A's wet cough.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia-related atelectasis. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement to improve oxygen saturation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Instructing incentive spirometer use (D) best improves Oâ‚‚ saturation in pneumonia-related atelectasis deep breathing (e.g., 10 breaths/hour) re-expands alveoli, per ATS. High-flow Oâ‚‚ (A) treats hypoxemia, not atelectasis. Postural drainage (B) or percussion (C) clears mucus, less effective for collapse. The document's answer (D) fits spirometry (e.g., 1500 mL) reverses shunting (SpOâ‚‚ <92%), distinguishing it from A's supportive role.
Question 4 of 5
The exchange of gases between the external environment and the lungs ______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: External respiration is the exchange of gases oxygen in, carbon dioxide out between the external environment and the lungs, occurring in the alveoli where air meets blood. 'Respiration' broadly includes this plus cellular processes, too vague here. Cellular respiration is intracellular, using oxygen to produce energy, not lung-based. 'None' is wrong external respiration fits precisely. This process involves air entering via inhalation, diffusing across alveolar walls into capillaries, and CO2 exiting, driven by partial pressure gradients. It's the lungs' primary role, distinct from internal or cellular phases, a critical distinction in respiratory physiology for gas transport understanding.
Question 5 of 5
In Earthworms, the process of respiration is through ________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Earthworms respire through their skin, a moist, permeable surface allowing oxygen to diffuse into blood vessels beneath and carbon dioxide to exit no lungs or specialized organs exist. The head isn't a respiratory focus; respiration spans the body. Lungs are absent earthworms lack a respiratory tract. Anterior pores misrepresent skin diffusion, which occurs across all segments. This cutaneous respiration requires dampness, as oxygen dissolves in mucus, a simple yet effective adaptation for soil-dwellers, contrasting with complex lung systems, a key comparative physiology insight.