Which medication should be taken in the morning to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide can cause hemorrhagic cystitis as a side effect, which is less likely to occur if taken in the morning due to the diurnal variation in bladder toxicity. Methotrexate, Leflunomide, and Adalimumab are not associated with hemorrhagic cystitis and do not require specific timing for administration to prevent this side effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hemachromatosis. In hemachromatosis, the body absorbs and stores too much iron, leading to high transferrin iron saturation. Rationale: 1. In hemachromatosis, the body absorbs excess iron from the diet, causing high iron levels in the blood. 2. Transferrin is a protein that transports iron in the blood. In hemachromatosis, the high iron levels saturate the transferrin, leading to high percent transferrin iron saturation. 3. Anemia of chronic disease (A) is characterized by low iron levels and low transferrin iron saturation. 4. Iron deficiency (B) results in low iron levels and low transferrin iron saturation. 5. Pernicious anemia (C) is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, not iron overload, leading to normal to low transferrin iron saturation. Summary: Hemachromatosis leads to high

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Artificially acquired active immunity. The tetanus toxoid vaccine contains inactivated tetanus toxin, which stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against tetanus. This process results in the person developing immunity to tetanus in the future. It is considered active immunity because the individual's immune system is actively involved in producing antibodies. A: Artificially acquired passive immunity involves receiving pre-formed antibodies, which provide immediate but temporary protection. This is not the case with the tetanus toxoid vaccine. B: Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when a person is exposed to the pathogen and develops immunity through their own immune response. This is not the case with the tetanus toxoid vaccine. D: Naturally acquired passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source, such as through breastfeeding. This is not how the tetanus toxoid vaccine works.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ask the client if he ever sustained a bee sting in the past. This answer is correct because knowing the client's past history with bee stings can help the nurse assess the risk of a severe reaction. If the client has a history of severe reactions, the nurse may need to take immediate action. Choice A is incorrect because soaking the site in hydrogen peroxide is not the appropriate initial action for a bee sting. Choice C is incorrect because calling an ambulance is not necessary unless there are severe symptoms present, such as difficulty breathing or anaphylaxis. Choice D is incorrect because telling the client not to worry about the sting unless difficulty breathing occurs can be dangerous, as severe allergic reactions can happen rapidly and without warning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ototoxicity. Aminoglycosides are known to cause damage to the inner ear, resulting in hearing loss and balance issues. The nurse should monitor for symptoms such as tinnitus, dizziness, and hearing loss. Seizures (A) are not a common adverse effect of aminoglycosides. Renal toxicity (C) is a potential side effect, but ototoxicity is more specific to aminoglycosides. Hepatotoxicity (D) is not a typical adverse effect associated with aminoglycosides. Therefore, monitoring for ototoxicity is essential in clients taking aminoglycosides.