ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which medication is used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Belimumab. Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and is approved for the treatment of SLE. BAFF plays a role in B-cell survival and maturation, which are key factors in the pathogenesis of SLE. Methotrexate (B), Hydroxychloroquine (C), and Leflunomide (D) are also used in the treatment of SLE, but they do not specifically target the underlying mechanisms of the disease like Belimumab does. Methotrexate is more commonly used for arthritis in SLE, Hydroxychloroquine is used for mild SLE cases, and Leflunomide is used for rheumatoid arthritis.
Question 2 of 5
On examination of a peripheral blood film of a patient with sickle cell disease, some nuclear remnants are seen on the red blood cells. This finding is strongly suggestive of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The presence of nuclear remnants on red blood cells in sickle cell disease indicates Howell-Jolly bodies, a sign of functional asplenia due to autosplenectomy. This occurs in sickle cell disease due to chronic vaso-occlusive crises leading to infarction and fibrosis of the spleen. Asplenism increases the risk of infections, particularly encapsulated organisms. Summary: A: Hypersplenism is incorrect because it would result in increased removal of red blood cells without nuclear remnants. C: Hepatomegaly is incorrect as it is not typically associated with the presence of nuclear remnants on red blood cells. D: Bone marrow failure is incorrect as it does not specifically lead to the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies on red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
Question 3 of 5
Regarding the Natural Killer (NK) cells:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: NK cells don't require any prior exposure before being active. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and can quickly respond to infected or abnormal cells without prior exposure or activation. They recognize stressed cells by detecting changes in surface markers. Choice A is incorrect because NK cells originate from lymphoid precursor cells. Choice C is incorrect because NK cells do not require prior exposure for their activity, although their response can be enhanced by cytokines. Choice D is incorrect because NK cells are not specific for particular viruses; they target a broad range of infected or abnormal cells.
Question 4 of 5
A client is diagnosed with scleroderma. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate to be prescribed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer corticosteroids as prescribed for inflammation. In scleroderma, corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. Bed rest (A) is not typically recommended as it can lead to muscle weakness. Remaining supine after meals (C) is not necessary for scleroderma. Keeping the room temperature warm during the day and cool at night (D) may provide comfort but does not directly address the underlying condition of scleroderma.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a postrenal transplantation client taking cyclosporine. The nurse notes an increase in one of the client's vital signs, and the client is complaining of a headache. What vital sign is most likely increased?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Blood pressure. Cyclosporine, a medication used in postrenal transplantation clients, can cause hypertension as a side effect. Therefore, an increase in blood pressure is the most likely vital sign to be elevated. Pulse, respirations, and pulse oximetry are less likely to be directly affected by cyclosporine. Pulse and respirations may be elevated due to pain from the headache, but the primary concern in this case would be the blood pressure due to the medication's known side effects. Pulse oximetry is not typically affected by cyclosporine and is more related to oxygen saturation levels.