ATI LPN
Assessment of Hematologic System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which medication is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methotrexate. Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic luplupus erythematosus. It works by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system. Methotrexate is considered a first-line treatment for these conditions due to its efficacy and safety profile. Explanation of other choices: B: Hydroxychloroquine is primarily used to treat malaria and certain autoimmune conditions like lupus, but it is not typically the first choice for rheumatoid arthritis. C: Leflunomide is another DMARD used for rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not commonly used for systemic lupus erythematosus. D: Adalimumab is a biologic DMARD used for rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not typically used for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Question 2 of 5
Through a bone marrow aspirate:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a bone marrow aspirate allows for the examination of cells to assess their level of maturation. This is crucial in diagnosing various hematologic conditions like leukemia and anemia. Choice A is incorrect as cellularity is better assessed through a bone marrow biopsy. Choice B is incorrect as myelofibrosis is better visualized through a bone marrow biopsy as well. Choice D is incorrect as tumor infiltration is typically seen through imaging studies rather than a bone marrow aspirate.
Question 3 of 5
One of the following is suggestive of multiple myeloma:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bence Jones proteinuria is suggestive of multiple myeloma because it represents monoclonal free light chains in the urine, a characteristic of the disease. Howel Jolly bodies are seen in conditions affecting red blood cells, not specific to multiple myeloma. Philadelphia chromosome is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia, not multiple myeloma. Reedberg stein cells are not a recognized term in relation to multiple myeloma.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is assisting in planning care for a client with a diagnosis of immunodeficiency and should incorporate which action as a priority in the plan?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because protecting the client from infection is the priority for someone with immunodeficiency. By minimizing exposure to pathogens, the nurse helps prevent potential serious complications. Providing emotional support (B) is important but not the priority. Encouraging discussion about lifestyle changes (C) and identifying factors that decreased immune function (D) are also important but not as critical as preventing infections in this case.
Question 5 of 5
The client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis jiroveci infection has been receiving pentamidine. The client develops a temperature of 101°F (38.3°C). The nurse continues to assess the client, knowing that this sign most likely indicates which condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The client has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which impairs the immune system. Step 2: Pneumocystis jiroveci infection is an opportunistic infection common in immunocompromised individuals. Step 3: Pentamidine is used to treat Pneumocystis jiroveci infection but can cause leukopenia (decreased white blood cells). Step 4: Leukopenia increases the risk of developing other infections. Step 5: Fever (temperature of 101°F) is a common sign of infection. Step 6: Therefore, the most likely condition indicated by the fever is another infection due to leukopenic effects of the medication, making choice D the correct answer. Summary: A: Incorrect. Temperature elevation is not typically related to a low dose of medication. B: Incorrect. Toxic effects of pentamidine would likely present with different symptoms. C: Incorrect. Inadequacy of thermore