Which medication is often prescribed for patients with bipolar disorder to help stabilize mood?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lithium. Lithium is often prescribed for patients with bipolar disorder because it helps stabilize mood by regulating neurotransmitter activity. It is a mood stabilizer that is effective in reducing manic episodes and preventing relapses. Sertraline (A) is an antidepressant and can potentially trigger manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Haloperidol (C) is an antipsychotic used for treating psychotic symptoms but not specifically for stabilizing mood in bipolar disorder. Diazepam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and not indicated for mood stabilization in bipolar disorder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Teaching relaxation techniques. This intervention is effective in managing PTSD-related nightmares by helping the patient reduce anxiety and promote better sleep. Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, can calm the nervous system and improve sleep quality. Encouraging the patient to journal before bedtime (Choice A) may help with processing emotions but may not directly address the nightmares. Avoiding discussing the nightmares directly (Choice C) can lead to avoidance behaviors and hinder the therapeutic process. Developing a safety plan (Choice D) is important for overall safety but does not specifically target the nightmares.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Electrolyte imbalances. In anorexia nervosa, electrolyte imbalances can lead to serious complications like cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden death. This is the most concerning finding as it directly impacts the patient's health and can be life-threatening. Bradycardia (choice A) is common in anorexia but usually reversible with treatment. Slight hypotension (choice C) may occur due to dehydration but can be managed. Lanugo (choice D) is a reversible side effect of malnutrition and not as concerning as electrolyte imbalances.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because encouraging the patient to express their feelings and concerns is crucial in addressing depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder. This intervention can help the patient process their emotions, improve self-awareness, and facilitate therapeutic communication. It also promotes a supportive environment for the patient to receive appropriate care. Incorrect choices: A: While physical activities can be beneficial, they may not address the underlying emotional issues during a depressive episode. B: Providing a stimulating environment might overwhelm the patient and worsen their symptoms. C: Allowing the patient to isolate may exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, and hinder recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because excessive worrying about various aspects of life is a core symptom of GAD. This persistent and uncontrollable worry is disproportionate to the actual events or situations. Fear of social situations (A) is common in social anxiety disorder, not GAD. Hallucinations (C) are not typically associated with GAD. Impulsive behaviors (D) are more indicative of conditions like ADHD or impulse control disorders.